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  1. Mar 1, 2024 · If You Get Sick: Even if you practice these core prevention strategies, you may still catch a virus and develop respiratory symptoms. If that happens, the updated Guidance recommends two actions: Step 1: Stay at home. As much as possible, you should stay home and away from others until at least 24 hours after both: Your symptoms are getting ...

  2. Dec 27, 2023 · A few things are different for the 2022-2023 influenza (flu) season, including: The composition of flu vaccines has been updated. For the 2022-2023 flu season, there are three flu vaccines that are preferentially recommended for people 65 years and older. These are Fluzone High-Dose Quadrivalent vaccine, Flublok Quadrivalent recombinant flu ...

  3. Recommendations include vaccines that can protect older adults (additional dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, the high dose or adjuvanted flu vaccine, and the RSV vaccine for older adults), and flu and COVID-19 treatments that are recommended for all older adults. Young children have immune systems that are still developing and small airways ...

    • Overview
    • Flu Vaccination
    • Flu Vaccine Options
    • Vaccine Effectiveness
    • Vaccine Benefits
    • Vaccine Match
    • Vaccine Side Effects (What to Expect)
    • Vaccine Supply and Distribution

    On This Page

    •Flu Vaccination

    •Flu Vaccine Options

    •Vaccine Effectiveness

    •Vaccine Benefits

    •Vaccine Match

    Why should people get vaccinated against flu?

    Influenza (flu) is a potentially serious disease that can lead to hospitalization and sometimes even death. Every flu season is different, and flu can affect people differently, but during typical flu seasons, millions of people get flu, hundreds of thousands of people are hospitalized and thousands to tens of thousands of people die from flu-related causes. Flu can mean a few days of feeling bad and missing work, school, or family events, or it can result in more serious illness. Complications of flu can include bacterial pneumonia, ear infections, sinus infections and worsening of chronic medical conditions, such as congestive heart failure, asthma, or diabetes. An annual seasonal flu vaccine is the best way to help reduce the risk of getting flu and any of its potentially serious complications. Vaccination has been shown to have many benefits including reducing the risk of flu illnesses, hospitalizations and even the risk of flu-related death. While some people who get a flu vaccine may still get sick with influenza, flu vaccination has been shown in several studies to reduce severity of illness.

    How do flu vaccines work?

    Flu vaccines cause antibodies to develop in the body about two weeks after vaccination. These antibodies provide protection against flu illness. Seasonal flu vaccines are designed to protect against the influenza viruses that research indicates will be most common during the upcoming season. All flu vaccines in the United States are “quadrivalent” vaccines, which means they protect against four different flu viruses: an influenza A(H1N1) virus, an influenza A(H3N2) virus, and two influenza B viruses.

    Are any of the available flu vaccines recommended over others?

    Yes, for some people. There are three flu vaccines that are preferentially recommended for people 65 years and older. These are Fluzone High-Dose Quadrivalent vaccine, Flublok Quadrivalent recombinant flu vaccine and Fluad Quadrivalent adjuvanted flu vaccine. This recommendation was based on a review of available studies which suggests that, in this age group, these vaccines are potentially more effective than standard dose unadjuvanted flu vaccines. There is no preferential recommendation for people younger than 65 years.

    What if a preferentially recommended flu vaccine is not available?

    If none of the three flu vaccines preferentially recommended for people 65 years and older is available at the time of administration, people in this age group should get any other age-appropriate flu vaccine instead.

    Who Should Be Vaccinated?

    Everyone 6 months and older in the United States should get an influenza (flu) vaccine every season with rare exception. CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices has made this “universal” recommendation since the 2010-2011 flu season. Vaccination to prevent flu and its potentially serious complications is particularly important for people who are at higher risk of developing serious flu complications. A full list of age and health factors that confer increased risk is available at People at Higher Risk of Developing Flu-Related Complications. More information is available at Who Needs a Flu Vaccine.

    Can I get seasonal flu even though I got a flu vaccine this year?

    Yes. It’s possible to get sick with flu even if you have been vaccinated (although you won’t know for sure unless you get a flu test). This is possible for the following reasons: •You may be exposed to a flu virus shortly before getting vaccinated or during the period that it takes the body to gain protection after getting vaccinated. This exposure may result in you becoming ill with flu before the vaccine begins to protect you. (Antibodies that provide protection develop in the body about 2 weeks after vaccination.) •You may be exposed to a flu virus that is not included in the seasonal flu vaccine. There are many different flu viruses that circulate every year. A flu vaccine is made to protect against the four flu viruses that research suggests will be most common. •Unfortunately, some people can become infected with a flu virus that the vaccine is designed to protect against, despite getting vaccinated. Protection provided by flu vaccination can vary widely, based in part on the age and health of the person getting vaccinated. In general, flu vaccines work best among healthy younger adults and older children. Some older people and some people with certain chronic illnesses may develop less immunity after vaccination. Flu vaccination is not a perfect tool, but it is the best way to protect against flu virus infection.

    What protection does a flu vaccine provide if I do get sick with flu?

    Some people who get vaccinated may still get sick with flu. However, flu vaccination has been shown in studies to reduce severity of illness in people who get vaccinated but still get sick. A 2021 study showed that among adults, flu vaccination was associated with a 26% lower risk of ICU admission and a 31% lower risk of death from flu compared with those who were unvaccinated. A 2017 study showed that flu vaccination reduced deaths, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, ICU length of stay, and overall duration of hospitalization among hospitalized adults with flu.

    What are the benefits of flu vaccination?

    There are many reasons to get an influenza (flu) vaccine each year. Below is a summary of the benefits of flu vaccination and selected scientific studies that support these benefits. •Flu vaccination can keep you from getting sick with flu. •Flu vaccine prevents millions of illnesses and flu-related doctor’s visits each year. For example, during  2019-2020, the last flu season prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, flu vaccination prevented an estimated 7 million influenza illnesses, 3 million influenza-associated medical visits, 100,000 influenza-associated hospitalizations, and 7,000 influenza-associated deaths. •During seasons when flu vaccine viruses are similar to circulating flu viruses, flu vaccine has been shown to reduce the risk of having to go to the doctor with flu by 40% to 60%. •Flu vaccination has been shown in several studies to reduce severity of illness in people who get vaccinated but still get sick. •A 2021 study showed that among adults hospitalized with flu, vaccinated patients had a 26% lower risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and a 31% lower risk of death from flu compared with those who were unvaccinated. •A 2018 study showed that among adults hospitalized with flu, vaccinated patients were 59% less likely to be admitted to the ICU than those who had not been vaccinated. Among adults in the ICU with flu, vaccinated patients on average spent four fewer days in the hospital than those who were not vaccinated. •Flu vaccination can reduce the risk of flu-associated hospitalization. •Flu vaccine prevents tens of thousands of hospitalizations each year. For example, during 2019-2020 flu vaccination prevented an estimated 100,000 flu-related hospitalizations. •A 2018 study showed that from 2012 to 2015, flu vaccination among adults reduced the risk of being admitted to an ICU with flu by 82%. •A 2017 systematic review found that during 2010-2011 through 2014-2015, flu vaccines reduced the risk of flu-associated hospitalization among older adults by about 40% on average. •A 2014 study showed that flu vaccination reduced children’s risk of flu-related pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission by 74% during flu seasons from 2010-2012. •Flu vaccination is an important preventive tool for people with certain chronic health conditions. •Flu vaccination has been associated with lower rates of some cardiac events among people with heart disease, especially among those who have had a cardiac event in the past year. •Flu vaccination can reduce the risk of a flu-related worsening of chronic lung disease (for example, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) requiring hospitalization). •Among people with diabetes and chronic lung disease, flu vaccination has been shown in separate studies to be associated with reduced hospitalizations from a worsening of their chronic condition. •Flu vaccination during pregnancy helps protect pregnant people from flu during and after pregnancy and helps protect their infants from flu in their first few months of life​. •A 2013 study showed that during the 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 flu seasons vaccination reduced the risk of flu-associated acute respiratory infection in pregnant people by about one-half. •A 2018 study showed that getting a flu shot reduced a pregnant person’s risk of being hospitalized with flu by an average of 40% from 2010-2016. •A number of studies have shown that in addition to helping to protect pregnant people from flu, a flu vaccine given during pregnancy helps protect the baby from flu for several months after birth, when babies are too young to be vaccinated. •Flu vaccine can be lifesaving in children. •A 2022 study showed that flu vaccination reduced children’s risk of severe life-threatening influenza by 75%. •A 2020 study found that during the 2018-2019 flu season, flu vaccination reduced flu-related hospitalization by 41% and flu-related emergency department visits by half among children (aged 6 months to 17 years old). •A 2017 study was the first of its kind to show that flu vaccination can significantly reduce children’s risk of dying from flu. •Getting vaccinated yourself may also protect people around you, including those who are more vulnerable to serious flu illness, like babies and young children, older people, and people with certain chronic health conditions. Despite the many benefits offered by flu vaccination, only about half of Americans get an annual flu vaccine. During an average flu season, flu can cause millions of illnesses, hundreds of thousands of hospitalizations and tens of thousands of deaths. Many more people could be protected from flu if more people got vaccinated. *References for the studies listed above can be found at Publications on Influenza Vaccine Benefits.

    What is meant by a “good match” between viruses in the vaccine and circulating influenza viruses?

    A “good match” is said to occur when the flu vaccine viruses used to produce flu vaccine and the viruses circulating among people during a given flu season are “like” one another such that the antibodies induced by vaccination protect against infection caused by circulating viruses.

    Why is there sometimes not a good match between a vaccine virus and circulating viruses?

    Flu viruses are constantly changing (called “antigenic drift”) – they can change from one season to the next or they can even change within the course of one flu season. Experts must pick which viruses to include in the vaccine many months in advance in order for vaccine to be produced and delivered on time. (For more information about the vaccine virus selection process visit Selecting the Viruses in the Influenza (Flu) Vaccine.) Because of these factors, there is always the possibility of a less than optimal match between circulating viruses and the viruses used to produce vaccine. The production process for some seasonal vaccines also may impact how well vaccine works against certain viruses, especially influenza A(H3N2) viruses. Growth in eggs is part of the production process for many seasonal flu vaccines. While all influenza viruses undergo changes when they are grown in eggs, changes in influenza A(H3N2) viruses are more likely to result in antigenic changes compared with changes in other influenza viruses. These so-called “egg-adapted changes” are present in most of the vaccine viruses recommended for use in egg-based vaccine production and may reduce their effectiveness against circulating influenza viruses. Advances in vaccine production technologies (for example, cell-based and recombinant technology) and advanced molecular techniques are being explored as ways to improve flu vaccine effectiveness. Learn more by visiting, Advancements in Influenza Vaccines.

    What if circulating flu viruses are different from vaccine viruses?

    During seasons when one or more of the circulating viruses are different or “drifted” from the vaccine viruses, vaccine effectiveness can be reduced. It’s important to remember that flu vaccine protects against four different flu viruses and multiple different viruses usually circulate during any one season. Even if the effectiveness of the vaccine is reduced against one virus, vaccination can still be effective at preventing flu illness caused by the other circulating viruses. For these reasons, CDC continues to recommend flu vaccination for everyone 6 months and older even if vaccine effectiveness against one or more viruses is reduced.

    Can a flu vaccine give me flu?

    No, a flu vaccine cannot cause flu illness. Flu vaccines that are given with a needle (flu shots) are currently made in two ways: the vaccine is made either with a) flu vaccine viruses that have been killed (inactivated) and are therefore not infectious, or b) with proteins from a flu virus (which is the case for recombinant influenza vaccine). Nasal spray vaccine is made with weakened (attenuated) live flu viruses and also cannot cause flu illness. The weakened viruses are cold-adapted, which means they are designed to only reproduce at the cooler temperatures found within the nose. The viruses cannot reproduce in the lungs or other areas where warmer temperatures exist.

    What side effects can occur after getting a flu vaccine?

    While a flu vaccine cannot give you flu illness, there are different side effects that may be associated with getting a flu shot or a nasal spray flu vaccine. These side effects are usually mild and short-lasting, especially when compared to symptoms of flu. A flu shot: The viruses in a flu shot are killed (inactivated), so you cannot get flu from a flu shot. Some minor side effects that may occur are: •Soreness, redness, and/or swelling where the shot was given •Headache (low grade) •Fever •Muscle aches •Nausea •Fatigue The nasal spray: The viruses in the nasal spray vaccine are weakened and do not cause influenza illness. In children, side effects from the nasal spray may include: •Runny nose •Wheezing •Headache •Vomiting •Muscle aches •Fever (low grade) In adults, side effects from the nasal spray vaccine may include: •Runny nose •Headache •Sore throat •Cough If these problems occur, they begin soon after vaccination and usually are mild and short-lived. A flu shot, like other injections, can occasionally cause fainting. Tell your provider if you feel dizzy or have vision changes or ringing in the ears. As with any medicine, there is a very remote chance of a vaccine causing a severe allergic reaction, other serious injury, or death. People who think that they have been injured by a flu vaccine can file a report with the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). More information about the safety of flu vaccines is available at Influenza (Flu) Vaccine Safety.

    How much influenza vaccine is projected to be available for the 2023-2024 influenza season?

    Flu vaccine is produced by private manufacturers, so supply depends on manufacturers. Vaccine manufacturers have projected that they will supply the United States with as many as 156.2 million to 170 million doses of influenza vaccines for the 2023-2024 season. These projections may change as the season progresses. All flu vaccines for the 2023-2024 season will be quadrivalent (four component). Most will be thimerosal-free or thimerosal-reduced vaccine (91%), and about 21% of flu vaccines will be egg-free.

    Where can I find information about vaccine supply?

    Information about vaccine supply is available on CDC’s Vaccine Supply & Distribution.

  4. Dec 11, 2022 · About a week. Typically, you’re contagious from 1 day before you have any symptoms. You stay that way for 5 to 7 days after you start feeling sick. Kids and people with weak immune systems may ...

  5. Aug 9, 2022 · You’ll be most contagious with the flu for the first three or four days after you actually feel sick. That’s why keeping your distance as much as possible for several days is important ...

  6. Mar 1, 2019 · However, the risk of being contagious is still present. The average cold lasts up to 10 days, so people should expect to be contagious during that period. The seasonal cold is one of the most ...

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