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Map of the present provinces of Angola, corresponding almost exactly to the Portuguese-era districts. The Angolan War of Independence (Portuguese: Guerra de Independência de Angola; 1961–1974), known as the Luta Armada de Libertação Nacional ("Armed Struggle of National Liberation") in Angola, began as an uprising against forced cultivation of cotton and evolved into a multi-faction ...
- 4 February 1961 – 25 April 1974, (13 years, 2 months and 3 weeks)
- Portuguese Angola
- Independence of Angola
- The Portuguese in West Africa
- Foundation: Paulo Dias de Novais
- Early Colonization
- The 18th Century
- The Atlantic Slave Trade
- Post-Slave-Trade Angola
- The War of Independence
The Portuguese arrived in West Africa, and from the late 15th century they began to explore further south. Following the Portuguese colonization of São Tomé and Principe in 1486, the Europeans were looking for slaves to work on their sugar plantations. The Portuguese settlers on São Tomé and Principe had already been in trade contact with the mainl...
Angola covers a region with dry woodlands in the south and grassland savanna in the north, which, thanks to its suitability to agriculture and pastoralism, was settled from the Early Iron Age. There were (and still are) problems caused by the irregular rainfall and the tsetse fly. The area had iron and salt mines which allowed the Angolans to trade...
The first failed project was to establish white farmers near the coast. Too much rain and too poor soil put paid to that idea. An attempt to give white nobles huge estates in the interior also went badly. The Angolans forcefully resisted these land grabs. The Europeans had firearms, but these were still relatively primitive and in the country’s int...
From 1700, the Portuguese lost control of the slave trade in the area north of Luanda to the Dutch, English, and French and so they concentrated on the area south of Luanda and as far inland as the Zambezi River. Luso-African settlements now included the important coastal city of Benguela while other settlements sprang up in the interior in the Ben...
From the mid-16th century, when sugar production on São Tomé and Principe declined due to Brazil dominating that industry, the islands became a hub in the trade network that shipped African slaves to Europe, North Africa, and across the Atlantic to the Americas, particularly the Spanish Caribbean and Brazil. The islands acted as a gathering point f...
It was only towards the end of the 19th century that Portuguese Angolan settlements widened away from the coastal strip (only about 150 km or 93 miles wide) to occupy the area more or less covered by the modern state today. Following the independence of Brazil (1822), 497 Portuguese immigrants arrived in Angola from South America between 1849 and 1...
Angola became an Overseas Province of Portugal in 1951 and gained full independence as the People’s Republic of Angola in 1975. Decolonization had been a long and bloody process, mostly because the Portuguese government, then a military dictatorship under António de Oliveira Salazar (ruled 1932-1968), refused to see the inevitability of independent...
- Mark Cartwright
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Colonial transition in Angola, 1820s–1910. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the port of Cabinda was a major entrepôt, where enslaved people were an important commodity. The export of enslaved people was banned in Angola in 1836, but the trade did not end until the Brazilian market was closed in the early 1850s.
Angola - Civil War, Independence, Oil: The three liberation movements proved unable to constitute a united front after the Portuguese coup. The FNLA’s internal support had dwindled to a few Kongo groups, but it had strong links with the regime in Zaire and was well armed; it thus made a bid to seize Luanda by force. The MPLA, with growing backing from the Portuguese Communist Party, Cuba ...
A 1974 coup d'état in Portugal established a military government led by President António de Spínola.The Spínola government agreed to give all of Portugal's colonies independence, and handed power in Angola over to a coalition of the three largest nationalist movements, the MPLA, UNITA, and the FNLA, through the Alvor Agreement.
Mar 23, 2018 · Although the war stopped immediately, it was not until January 1975 that the Portuguese government and the separatist parties signed a peace accord. On 11 November 1975 Angola was granted independence. However, the country soon fell into a civil war that continued until 2002. Victor Kiprop March 23 2018 in Politics. Home.
Apr 25, 2019 · The little-known history of Angola’s independence war that ended after coup in Portugal. The Angolan War of Independence between various Angolan factions and the Portuguese which began on 4 ...
