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Feb 24, 2021 · Abstract. In this paper we review the impact of DSM-III and its successors on the field of autism—both in terms of clinical work and research. We summarize the events leading up to the inclusion of autism as a “new” official diagnostic category in DSM-III, the subsequent revisions of the DSM, and the impact of the official recognition of ...
- Nicole E. Rosen, Catherine Lord, Fred R. Volkmar, Fred R. Volkmar
- 10.1007/s10803-021-04904-1
- 2021
- J Autism Dev Disord. 2021; 51(12): 4253-4270.
Autism in the DSM. Autism’s curious history in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, the American Psychiatric Association’s diagnostic bible, reveals how dramatically the diagnosis has evolved over the past half-century or more. The term “autism” has become much more common in the DSM, replacing childhood schizophrenia and childhood ...
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- 1920s
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1926: Grunya Sukhareva, a child psychiatrist in Kyiv, Russia, writes about six children with autistic traits in a scientific German psychiatry and neurology journal.
1938: Louise Despert, a psychologist in New York, details 29 cases of childhood schizophrenia, some of whom have traits that resemble today's classification of autism.
1943: Leo Kanner publishes a paper describing 11 patients who were focused on or obsessed with objects and had a “resistance to (unexpected) change.” He later named this condition “infantile autism.” 1944: Nazi-funded, Austrian pediatrician Hans Asperger publishes a popularized scientific study on autistic children, a case study describing four chi...
1952:In the first edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), children with autistic traits are labeled as having childhood schizophrenia. 1956:Leon Eisenberg publishes his paper "The Autistic Child in Adolescence," which follows 63 autistic children for nine years and again at 15 y...
1964: Bernard Rimland publishes Infantile Autism: The Syndrome and Its Implications for a Neural Theory of Behavior, challenging the “refrigerator mother” theory and discussing the neurological factors in autism. 1964: Dr. Ole Ivar Lovaas, creator of LGBTQ conversion therapy, begins working on his theory of Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) therapy...
1970s: Lorna Wing proposes the concept of autism spectrum disorders. She identifies the “triad of impairment,” which includes three areas: social interaction, communication, and imagination. 1975:The Education for All Handicapped Children Act is enacted to help protect the rights and meet the needs of children with disabilities, most of whom were p...
1980: The third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) includes criteria for a diagnosis of infantile autism for the first time.
1990:Autism is included as a disability category in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), making it easier for autistic children to get special education services. 1996: Temple Grandin writes Emergence—Labeled Autistic, a firsthand account of her life with autism and how she became successful in her field. 1998: Andrew Wakefield p...
2003: The Global and Regional Asperger Syndrome Partnership(GRASP), an organization run by people with Asperger’s syndrome and autism spectrum disorders, is formed. 2003: Bernard Rimland and Stephen Edelson write the book Recovering Autistic Children. 2006: Ari Ne'eman establishes the Autistic Self Advocacy Network(ASAN). 2006: Dora Raymaker and Ch...
2010: Andrew Wakefield loses his medical license and is barred from practicing medicine, following the retraction of his autism paper. 2013:The DSM-5 combines autism, Asperger’s, and childhood disintegrative disorder into autism spectrum disorder. 2014: The president signs the Autism Collaboration, Accountability, Research, Education and Support (C...
Autistic Disorder (299.00 DSM-IV) The central features of Autistic Disorder are the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication, and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. The manifestations of this disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological ...
Seven years after that, autism was more clearly defined in the revised edition (DSM-IIIR, 1987). Additional changes to the criteria for autism were made in DSM-IV (1994), DSM-IVR (2000), and DSM-V (2013). Currently, several diagnostic assessment tools are based on the criteria established by the American Psychiatric Association.
In keeping with his perspective, the second edition of the DSM, the DSM-II, published in 1968, defined autism as a psychiatric condition — a form of childhood schizophrenia marked by a detachment from reality. During the 1950s and 1960s, autism was thought to be rooted in cold and unemotional mothers, whom Bruno Bettelheim dubbed ...
Jan 1, 2014 · As a practical matter, particularly since DSM-IV and ICD-10 were published, there has been a strong movement towards convergence of these instruments with categorical approaches (e.g., the Autism Diagnostic Interview Revised, Lord et al. 1994; and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, de Bildt et al. 2004) ,.
