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By the early seventeenth century, Spanish friars established dozens of missions along the Rio Grande, in New Mexico, and in California. (3) Spain’s Rivals Emerge. While Spain plundered the New World, unrest plagued Europe. The Reformation threw England and France, the two European powers capable of contesting Spain, into turmoil.
[Report of Antonio de Mendoza, Viceroy of New Spain, to King Charles I of Spain, 1537] The transition from Indian to African slavery in Spanish America is encapsulated in these selections that, while brief, convey years of domination and suffering. (4 pages.)
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views 3,416,700 updated. MISSION IN COLONIAL AMERICA, I (SPANISH MISSIONS) The Christianization of the aborigines of America and their incorporation into Western civilization was most effectively accomplished through the mission. With the support of the Iberian kings and the patronato real, religious orders developed this method of catechizing ...
Early American Literature 38.2 (Spring 2003): 213–237; and James Sidbury, Becoming African in America: Race and Nation in the Early Black Atlantic (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), 17–65. 18. Edward Long, History of Jamaica, 3 vols. (1774), 2: 351–375, at 375.
The reliance of Spain on the cooperation, tribute, and labor of Native Americans and Africans drastically shaped life in colonial Spanish America. Daily life was a complex combination of compliance and rebellion, order and disorder, affluence and poverty. On the one hand, Spaniards relied on Native Americans for labor, tribute, and assistance ...
Mar 23, 2012 · Illick, Joseph E. American Childhoods. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002. A synthetic history that emphasizes early America, including the diverse childhoods of European colonists, African slaves, and Native Americans. Material on the 19th century focuses on the growth of urban industrialism, while material on the 20th ...
Just as the Atlantic reached into the continent, early America stretched into the Atlantic. The early eighteenth century saw “Four Indian Kings,” three Mohawk and one Mahican, visit London and a delegation from the Illinois, Missouri, Osage, and Oto nations visit Paris. The influence of Native Americans on every aspect of the Atlantic World ...
