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Where did the Itanium architecture come from?
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The Itanium architecture originated at Hewlett-Packard (HP), and was later jointly developed by HP and Intel. Launched in June 2001, Intel initially marketed the processors for enterprise servers and high-performance computing systems.
- 1, 2, 4 or 8
- 733 MHz to 2.66 GHz
- 266 MT/s to 6.4 GT/s
- IA-64
The company developed its first microcontrollers, heralding the beginning of a new world of microchip-controlled machines and household devices. The company also released the industry’s first single-board computer, the iSBC 80/10, to aid system designers and accelerate the proliferation of microprocessor devices.
Nov 3, 2021 · Last summer, the Itanium has finally been discontinued, twenty years after its release. It was a promising technology, but in the end it turned out to not really be the case. Beside a few niche markets in the enterprise world, it failed to conquer the desktop world and ultimately, to replace the x86 architecture which was designed way earlier.
- By the time it came to market, the market had changed with AMD introducing the 64-bit x64 architecture based on an extended x86 design. This includ...
- TL;DR: It wasn't a failure, it did deliver, it gained a foothold much like other non-x86 architectures at that time, and it faded like they all di...
- When it was finally released, it was not intended for generic desktop market, it was targeted for enterprise servers and high performance computing...
- The Compiler Lacks Information That Is Available at Run-Time
- You Need to Generate "Bundles" of Instructions That Don't Clash
- The Intel Compiler People Were Very Over-Optimistic
- There Were Many Flaws in The Hardware Design
- The Compilers Were Buggy
- Developer Tools and Support
- Critical Mass Was Never Achieved
- But What About That Bytecode Idea?
The idea that the compiler, with plenty of time available, can do a better job of scheduling memory accesses than hardware can at run-time is wrong. It would be true for single-core, single-hardware-thread machines without processor caches. That takes us back to 8-bit and early 16-bit machines; it is not true of fast PCs since about 1990, which hav...
The idea of "explicitly parallel instruction computing" is that you generate bundles of instructions, and all the instructions in a bundle are wholly independent of each other. They can't write to any of the same registers or memory locations, and they can't use each other's results in any other way. This is harder than it sounds. Doing this with i...
They knew they did not have a solution to the ILP problem, but they seem to have thought that, given lots of developers, they could develop collections of heuristic rules that would be good enough. This, of course, let them expand their empire within Intel. They also told the hardware planners, when those guys hit difficult problems, "We can handle...
It does not seem to have been simulated sufficiently comprehensively, because many of these problems would have shown up there. When I was working with an IPF simulator in 1999, I asked if it was generated from the abstract model of the architecture. Nobody at Intel seemed to understand that question, even after a lot of explaining. The instruction...
I'd had good support from Intel on builds I did with their x86-32 compiler, but some resistance from my ISV customers, who all used the Microsoft compiler, to using them. I expected Intel to do a better job with an Itanium compiler, owing to more expertise with the architecture. So I started out doing parallel builds on Microsoft and Intel compiler...
Intel seemed to appreciate that code would need revising to perform well on IPF, and said they'd be willing to help, but the price was that they'd acquire rights in the software. No ISV was going to agree to that. There was no IDE: developers for Windows got a cross-compiler and the platform SDK. This did not bother me at all, but a lot of ISVs dec...
Lots of ISVs gave up on Itanium because of the compiler bugs, the lack of an IDE, the expensive hardware, and the competition from AMD. Athlon and Opteron, the first x86-64 processors, were mucheasier to work with. That meant some ISVs who were still in the game could not get tools, libraries, or other software that they needed to complete their pr...
The bytecode would have been complex, because it would have to express all the semantics of allthe languages that could be compiled into it, so that the bytecode processor could generate non-clashing bundles. Normal bytecodes describe very simple abstract processors, and are much easier to work with. A bytecode could not have solved the problem of ...
33. Itanium failed because VLIW for today's workloads is simply an awful idea. Donald Knuth, a widely respected computer scientist, said in a 2008 interview that " the "Itanium" approach [was] supposed to be so terrific—until it turned out that the wished-for compilers were basically impossible to write. " 1.
The Itanium architecture originated at Hewlett-Packard (HP), and was later jointly developed by HP and Intel. Launched in June 2001, Intel initially marketed the processors for enterprise servers and high-performance computing systems.
Jul 31, 2021 · Intel Itanium is a 64-bit processor family based on IA-64 Instruction Set Architecture (ISA). In a joint venture with Hewlett-Packard (), Intel decided to develop a new type of processor that ...
