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Jun 10, 2019 · The first proto-newspaper appeared as early as 131 B.C. It was an ancient Roman daily gazette called Acta Diurna (Daily Acts sometimes translated as Daily Public Records). Acta Diurna informed citizens of political and social happenings in ancient Rome. News of events such as military victories, gladiatorial bouts and other games, births and ...
DATE: ca. 350–50 B.C. LANGUAGE: Akkadian. After cuneiform was replaced by alphabetic writing sometime after the first century A.D., the hundreds of thousands of clay tablets and other inscribed ...
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- Introduction
- 3. Logography: Shift from Visual to Aural
- 6. Writing: Handling Data in Abstraction
- Glossary
The three writing systems that developed independently in the Near East, China and Mesoamerica, shared a remarkable stability. Each preserved over millennia features characteristic of their original prototypes. The Mesopotamian cuneiform script can be traced furthest back into prehistory to an eighth millennium BC counting system using clay tokens ...
About 3000 BC, the creation of phonetic signs—signs representing the sounds of speech—marks the second phase in the evolution of Mesopotamian writing, when, finally, the medium parted from its token antecedent in order to emulate spoken language. As a result, writing shifted from a conceptual framework of real goods to the world of speech sounds. I...
Beyond the formal and structural changes undergone by writing in the course of millennia, its evolution also involved strides in the ability to handle data in abstraction. At the first stage, the token system antecedent of writing, already abstracted information in several ways. First, it translated daily-life commodities into arbitrary, often geom...
Abstraction: Consider the property of an item dissociated from any specific instance. Abstract counting: When numbers are considered separately from the items counted. Alphabet: A writing system based on a set of letters, each standing for a single spoken sound. Concrete counting: the use of different sets of numbers to count different set of i...
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Jan 2, 2019 · In Egypt, the claim of earliest-known texts belongs to about 200 postage-stamp sized tags made of ivory and bone, discovered in the late 1980s in an elite tomb called U-j in Abydos (chapters 5 and 6). Dating to around 3300 BC, the perforated tags were likely attached to commodities, subsequently nabbed by grave robbers.
- Bridget Alex
The history of writing traces the development of writing systems [1] and how their use transformed and was transformed by different societies. The use of writing prefigures various social and psychological consequences associated with literacy and literary culture. With each historical invention of writing, true writing systems were preceded by ...
Oct 28, 2012 · Before written news was available, people exchanged knowledge orally. Messengers spread news about the victories and tragedy of war and Town Criers roamed village streets publicizing births, deaths, marriages and divorces (Stephens, 1998). Written news was first distributed in the form of a one-paged pamphlet.
The world's first written news may have originated in eighth century BCE China, where reports gathered by officials were eventually compiled as the Spring and Autumn Annals. The annals, whose compilation is attributed to Confucius , were available to a sizeable reading public and dealt with common news themes—though they straddle the line ...
