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Simla, the 2nd July, 1972. The Agreement was ratified on July 28, 1972 and came into force from August 4, 1972. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ The Agreement we signed last night represents a breakthrough in our relations. I return home with firm conviction that we can embark on a new era of peace. Z. A. BHUTTO . July 3, 1972
- Early Twentieth-Century Background
- The Involvement of Western Powers
- The Tripartite Conference at Simla
- Mcmahon Proposes An Inner and Outer Zone
- A Draft Tripartite Convention Is Drawn Up
- The Mcmahon Line
- The Situation Since Indian Independence
In the early twentieth century, especially in the years before and after the Revolution of 1911, Chinese control over Tibet had been seriously weakened due to the difficult situation the Qing Dynasty faced after the Boxer Rebellion was suppressed and a huge indemnity bill was imposed on it by the Peking Protocol signed with eight powers. At the sam...
Western powers, especially Great Britain and Russia, and even Japan, showed keen interest in Tibet and Xinjiang due to their strategic location as part of the broadly defined Central Asia. To some extent, Central Asia is where the British and Russian empires met and competed against each other to expand their spheres of influence. So, in the contex...
British India sent out invitations to the governments of the Republic of China and Tibet in May 1913 to participate in a tripartite conference on the question of Tibet at Simla, the summer capital of India during the colonial period. The representatives appointed by British India, the Republic of China, and Tibet for the conference were Sir Henry M...
One of the key topics discussed during the Conference concerned the definition of the border of Tibet and the demarcation of the boundary between China and Tibet. Given that the submitted territorial claims of China and Tibet overlapped a lot, McMahon proposed that Tibet be divided into two zones: an Inner Zone and Outer Zone. The Outer Zone referr...
All the key topics discussed and debated at the Conference found their way into a draft tripartite convention, consisting of 11 articles. Some articles had gone through several rounds of revisions based on the feedback of China and Tibet as well as the mediating British government’s own considerations, such as her concerns about Russia’s reactions ...
The proposed India-Tibet boundary refers to an 830-mile-long line of demarcation stretching from east of Bhutan all the way to the Irrawaddy River to the east. As it was proposed by the British plenipotentiary, it was later named after him – the McMahon Line – and has been in use till this day. In Enclosure 3 to his final memorandum on the Tibet Co...
This contentious boundary was inherited by the post-independence Republic of India government, evolving into a colonial legacy that has continuously shaped its relations with the People’s Republic of China since the late 1940s. India renamed the disputed area along the McMahon Line the North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA). Adopting a “Forward Policy” ...
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May 24, 2022 · The Simla Agreement was a peace treaty signed between India and Pakistan on 2 July 1972 in Shimla. Under this article we include many things like- Introduction, Details Of Shimla Agreement, Context Of The Shimla Convention, Principles And Goals, A Synopsis Of Delhi Agreement, Connection Between The Shimla And Delhi Conventions, Conclusion and top 13 interesting facts, etc. “13angle” is the ...
Dec 14, 2022 · 14th December, 2022 Mains. Introduction. On July 2, 1972, the Simla Agreement, also known as the Simla Accord, was signed between Indian PM Indira Gandhi and Pakistani president Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto at Shimla in Himachal Pradesh. The Simla Agreement was signed following the India-Pakistan war of 1971. It was a formal agreement to end the ...
The Simla Agreement conference was held from June 28 to July 2, 1972. The immediate outcome of the War of 1971 between India and Pakistan was the change of government in Pakistan and Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, the majority party leader of West Pakistan assumed power on December 20, 1971. The War of 1971 resulted in the dismemberment of East Pakistan.
Feb 25, 2023 · The Simla Agreement was a peace treaty signed between India and Pakistan on 2 July 1972 in Shimla, India. It followed the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and aimed to serve as a way for the two nations to settle their differences and establish peaceful relations. The treaty was signed by Indira Gandhi, the Prime Minister of India, and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the President of Pakistan, and included ...
Mar 7, 2024 · March 7, 2024. Table of Contents. The Shimla Agreement is a peace treaty between India and Pakistan. It was signed in 1972. It is also known as the Shimla Accord. Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and Pakistani President Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto signed it. Following the Bangladesh Liberation War, they established this treaty.
