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Sep 30, 2020 · One hundred miles south of Manila and at the northern end of the Sulu Sea lies Mindoro, the seventh largest island in the Philippines. On the fertile coastal plains of this island live Tagalog and Bisayan farmers (Christian Filipinos) while in the rugged and largely unknown interior live at least eight different groups of pagan mountaineers known collectively as Mangyan.
ricultural skill, the assiduous Hanunoo farmer cultivate a surprising number of food and other economic plants in their hillside swiddens ("kaingins," or fired clearings). The Hanunoo also garden, gather wild and protected forest foods, hunt, fish, trap; and raise chickens, pigs, and humped cattle (zebu). But swidden activi ties predominate.
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Introduction / History. The Hanunoo live on Mindoro, a Philippine island located just to the southwest of the main island, Luzon. The Hanunoo are also known as the Bulalakao, the Hampangan, and the Mangyan.
- Gubatnon
- Hanunoo
- Hanunoo
- 24,000
1 The Hanunoo, together with the neighboring Buhid Mangyans and the Tag- banwas from Palawan, are the only people in the Philippines who still use an ancient script, an Indic-derived syllabary, which can be traced back to pre-Spanish times.
- Introduction
- Location and Homeland
- Language
- Religion
- Rites of Passage
- Interpersonal Relations
- Living Conditions
- Family Life
- Clothing
- Food
The Hanuno'o are the best known of the various groups called "Mangyan" living in the interior of the island of Mindoro. To an even greater extent than other such outsider-given names, "Mangyan" covers a wide range of meanings. In the Tagalog, Bikol, and Visayan languages of the central Philippines, the term combines the ideas of "savage," "mountain...
The Hanuno'o live inland from the southernmost tip of Mindoro. In the 1970s, the Hanuno'o numbered 6,000 out of a total of 20-30,000 Mangyan, already a minority on an island inhabited by 300,000 Tagalog and Visayan settlers. One 2000 estimate numbers the Hanuno'o 13,000. According to the 2000 census, 7,702 identified themselves as Hanuno'o in Orien...
The Mangyan groups speak mutually unintelligible languages. The Hanuno'o language is similar to the Visayan tongues of the central Philippines. Along with the neighboring Buhid and the Tagbanua of central Palawan (seeTagbanua), they still use the script, ultimately of Indian origin, that was employed by the Tagalogs and other Filipino peoples at th...
The Hanuno'o recognize certain named deities of creation, but these play only a minor role in everyday life. Ordinarily more significant to them are nature spirits living in mountains, rocks, the forest, etc., who all can be transformed into labang, evil spirits who can attack a person's soul, causing illness or death. Benign spirits (such as ances...
Hanuno'o marry by mutual agreement of the two partners' families; the man must provide some form of bride-service to his in-laws. In contrast to non-Mangyan groups, there is no bride-price, formal ceremony, or exchange of goods between the sides. Elopement is an alternative. For a year after death, the right soul remains in the underworld, neither ...
The Hanuno'o live in autonomous, named settlements largely corresponding to a kin-group. Society is egalitarian with some prestige accorded to age and special skills, such as weaving, smithing, spirit mediation. Individuals and families possess wealth in the form of ritual glass beads, bronze gongs, porcelain jars, and cattle, but accumulated prope...
Villages are semipermanent, traditionally autonomous, and consist of five to six single-family houses (50-60 persons maximum). They are generally built on valley slopes or hill spurs overlooking a water source. The sites are identified by a geographical landmark, and the settlement itself by the name of its eldest resident. Settlements within an ho...
A family consists of a man, his wife or wives, and their unmarried offspring. This may be extended to form a local family group with married daughters, and their families usually live in adjacent houses. Such a group always respects its oldest male member. A single family may move away from the settlement but will always set up its residence near t...
Hanuno'o are noted for long hair, men as well as women. They weave and dye (indigo) their own clothing, which consists of short shirts and short sarongs.
Rice is the food of prestige and ritual importance, but half of all calories in the Hanuno'o diet comes from bananas and tubers (sweet potatoes, yams, and taro). Most animal protein comes from fishing, less from game or livestock.
his time with the Tagbanuwa people of Palawan and Mindoro’s Hanunóo people. In Mindoro, he met his first exemplary Hanunóo assistant, Lūyun Ihuy, supported by his first research grant, from University of Michigan botany professor Harley H. Bartlett. He completed his undergraduate work at Berkeley in 1950, by which time he had published
Hanun ó o. The 7,000 Hanun ó o (Bulalakao, Hampangan, Hanono-o, Mangyan) live in an area of 800 square kilometers at the southern end of Mindoro Island (12 ° 30 ′ N, 121 ° 10 ′ E), in the Philippines. They speak an Austronesian language, and most are literate, using an Indic-derived script that they write on bamboo.
