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John (24 December 1166 – 19 October 1216) was the king of England from 1199 until his death in 1216. He lost the Duchy of Normandy and most of his other French lands to King Philip II of France , resulting in the collapse of the Angevin Empire and contributing to the subsequent growth in power of the French Capetian dynasty during the 13th ...
- 27 May 1199 – 19 October 1216
- Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine
Jan 16, 2022 · King John I was born on December 24, 1167 in Oxford, England. He was the fifth son of King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine. His older brother was Richard the Lionheart. When his father died in 1189, Richard became king and John was made Duke of Normandy. Richard spent most of his reign outside of England fighting in the Crusades ...
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Oct 18, 2016 · Famed warrior and statesman, his death in 1376 the year before his father Edward III, meant the Black Prince's son, Richard II, would became king aged 10. Richard's reign ended in rebellion ...
- Early Life
- Rebellion Against Henry II
- Rebellion Against Richard & Succession
- Philip II of France
- Pope Innocent II
- Magna Carta
- Robin Hood
- Barons' War & Death
John was born on 24 December 1167 CE at Oxford, the youngest of four sons born to King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine. Given no particular inheritance of note, he was nicknamed 'LackLand' meaning he had no lands, although his father did pack him off to Irelandin 1185 CE with the title Lord of Ireland. John, acting as viceroy, managed ...
Richard and his younger brother John challenged their father Henry II in 1188-9 CE. The rebel sons formed an alliance with Philip II, the new King of France (r. 1180-1223 CE). The rebellion was supported by Eleanor of Aquitaine. Losing control of both Maine and Touraine, Henry eventually agreed to peace terms which recognised Richard as his sole he...
While Richard was fighting abroad during the Third Crusade (1189-1192 CE) and then held in captivity by the Holy Roman Emperor, John took the opportunity to try and usurp the throne. The help of Philip II of France did not prove decisive, though, and Richard's able ministers Hubert Walter organised enough resistance to thwart the rebellion. When Ri...
John had married Isabella of Gloucester on 29 August 1189 CE and, obviously partial to the name, married Isabella of Angouleme (a county in Aquitaine) after his first marriage was annulled on 24 August 1200 CE. This second attachment proved troublesome for the English king since the second Isabella had been previously promised to a French count, Hu...
Back in England, King John may not have been talentless but he was certainly managing to make himself one of the most unpopular kings in English history. The next group he upset was officials of the Church after his refusal to endorse Stephen Langton for the post of Archbishop of Canterbury. As Langton was the papal candidate, Pope Innocent III (r....
Upsetting foreigners and the Church was par for the course for most medieval rulers but things really started to go badly for John when he began to upset the powerful barons. The king's heavy taxation to pay for his French campaigns was crippling, even worse, there was no military gain to show for it. Another policy that irked the barons was the ki...
One name that is frequently associated with King John is Robin Hood, the 13th-century legendary outlaw who stole from the rich and gave to the poor in the area of Sherwood Forest, Nottingham. Robin represented the common man, hence his weapon was the bow and not the sword of a medieval knight. Unfortunately for romantics, there probably was no such...
Back to the actual history of John's reign. The king had still not quite grasped the principles of statehood, as shown when he went back on his word and ignored what he had signed in the Magna Carta. Inevitably, the barons sought to rid themselves of their sovereign, they refused to give up their occupation of London, and they invited another candi...
- Mark Cartwright
Oct 4, 2017 · Act 1, scene 1. Scene 1. Synopsis: John, King of England, is told by a messenger from the King of France that the territories held by John should belong instead to John’s nephew Arthur. When John refuses to be swayed by this message, he is threatened with war; John counters with a warning that he will attack France first.
In Runnymede: A Drama of Magna Charta, King John, vexed by Robin Hood’s thievery, plots to kill the bandit and steal his bride, Maid Marian. When the barons rush onstage and force King John to sign Magna Carta, the unhappy king finds that Chapter 39 prohibits him from murdering Robin Hood. Robin Hood Defies King John in Frederick Warde’s ...
Sep 25, 2018 · How John’s death saved his dynasty. Perversely, dying was probably the best thing John could have done to protect the Plantagenet’s position in England. The oldest of John’s two sons, Henry, was only nine when he died. Had he been 19 and involved in that civil war then he would likely have been tarred with the same brush and disposed of.
