Search results
An important focus of the Encyclopedia is the relationship of psychology to other facets of the human enterprise. Discover the uses of psychological knowledge in such arenas as the law, politics, the military, religion, and the arts-from the psychology of Political Leadership to the interplay of psychology and Religious Symbol, Myth, and Ritual ...
- Browse APA Books
We would like to show you a description here but the site...
- Alan E. Kazdin, PhD
We would like to show you a description here but the site...
- Browse APA Books
Oct 28, 2022 · The Encyclopedia is a body, where the most important human sciences (connaissances) are arranged in order” (cited in Dierse 1977, 32). But in “Nouveaux essais sur l’entendement humain,” Leibniz contemplates the Platonic-Stoic division of knowledge into logic, physics, and ethics, only to reject it as untenable.
- Christopher D. Johnson
- Johnson@bilderfahrzeuge.org
People also ask
Who should read the Encyclopedia of psychology?
What is the Encyclopedia of psychology?
What are encyclopedic sites of knowledge?
Is the Dictionary an encyclopedic anti-Encyclopedia?
Based on this sensationalist psychology, Diderot and d’Alembert argued in the “Preliminary Discourse” to the Encyclopédie that human knowledge consisted of three branches: Memory, expressed as natural, civil, and sacred history; Reason, divided into knowledge of man and knowledge of nature
Psychology is a relatively young science with its experimental roots in the 19th century, compared, for example, to human physiology, which dates much earlier. As mentioned, anyone interested in exploring issues related to the mind generally did so in a philosophical context prior to the 19th century. Two men, who worked in the 19th century ...
- Brief Overview
- Biography
- Principal Publications
- Theories
- Historical Context
- Critical Response
- Theories in Action
- Chronology
- Bibliography
The Swiss psychologist and epistemologist Jean Piaget(1896–1980) developed his theory of genetic epistemology throughout a nearly 60-year career as a professor and experimental researcher. He first began his scientific investigations as a young biologist immersed in the study of mollusks. Before he was 30 years of age, he was world renowned for his...
Child prodigy
Jean Piaget was born in Neuchatel, Switzerland, August 9, 1896, the first of three children of Arthur Piaget and Rebecca Jackson. The Piaget family lived in a quiet French-speaking region near Lake Neuchatel, in the cradle of the Swiss Alps in an area of Switzerland noted for its vineyards and watch making. Jean was a child prodigy. His father, a professor of medieval literature at Neuchatel University, nurtured his son's innovative and inquisitive mind and encouraged young Jean in the system...
Le Langue et la pensee chez l'enfant. Paris: Delachaux and Niestle, 1923. Published in English as The Language and Thought of the Child. Trans. by Marjorie Worden. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1926,...Le Jugement et le raisonnement chez l'enfant. Paris: Delachaux & Niestle, 1924, 5th edition, 1963. Published in English as The Judgement and Reasoning in the Child. Trans. by Marjorie Worden. New Y...Le Representation du monde chez l'enfant. Paris: Delachaux and Niestle, 1926. Published in English as The Child's Conception of the World.Trans. by Jean Tomlinson and Andrew Tomlinson. New York: Ha...La Causalite physique chez l'enfant. Paris: Delachaux & Niestle, 1927. Published in English as The Child's Conception of Physical CausalityTrans. by Marjorie Worden Gabain. New York: Harcourt, Brac...Genetic epistemology
Piaget developed his theory of genetic epistemology throughout 60 years of focused work as an experimental psychologist and interdisciplinary theoretician. He was concerned with the fundamental question of the nature and origin of knowledge. His own thinking on the subject was constantly changing. Sometimes in the course of writing a book, one scholar has observed, "Piaget had different ideas when it came time to write the conclusion than he had when he wrote the introduction." He wrote in Fr...
First principle: To take psychology seriously
Main points The first principle of genetic epistemology is "to take psychology seriously," Piaget said in the 1968 Woodbridge Lectures at Columbia University. By this he meant "when a question of psychological fact arises, psychological research should be consulted instead of trying to invent a solution through private speculation." Piaget considered his work that of an empirical scientist. The fundamental hypothesis that he investigated throughout the course of his career is what he called "...
Piaget's stages of cognitive development
Sensorimotor stage (birth to two years) It is in this very first stage of development, according to Piaget, that "the most fundamental and the most rapid changes take place." The newborn infant is primarily a bundle of reflex actions interacting with the environment in an active and practical manner. Sucking and grasping are the first of these primary instinctive tendencies. Sucking is a most practical behavior needed for obtaining nourishment. With practice, the infant's suckingskills will i...
Twentieth-century psychological theories
Piaget's professional life spanned a tumultuous six decades of the mid twentieth century, during a time of rapid growth and development in the scientific disciplines. Piaget read widely in the fields of philosophy and psychology. He was influenced in his reading by the ideas of Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), whose concept of categories was a precedent for later psychological theories using terms such as "constructs" and "schemes." He was also influenced by Henri Bergson (1859–1941), whose book Cr...
Contributions and shortcomings
Extensive criticisms of Piaget's work have been voiced in the scientific community throughout the 60 years that he labored to develop and articulate his theory of genetic epistemology and in the decades since his death in 1980. Despite the shortcomings that many critics point out in Piaget's work, few have disputed the considerable contributions of his theory to scientific thought, or his role as one of the most influential research psychologists of the twentieth century. Piaget is respected,...
Lev Vygotsky
One of the earliest and by some accounts best of Piaget's critics was the Russian scientist LevVygotsky. He was born in 1896, the same year as Piaget, and like Piaget became prominent while still a young man. Unlike Piaget, Vygotsky died early, of tuberculosis at the age of 34. Vygotsky was a linguist and educator interested in the origins and mechanisms of knowledge. In the 10 years prior to his death, Vygotsky set down a comprehensive theory of cognitive development, providing many alternat...
Discovery learning at any stage
Jerome Bruner, a Harvard professor and Director of the Center for Cognitive Studies, developed a stage theory of cognitive growth that differs from Piaget with regard to the impact of environmental and experiential factors on the developing child. Bruner's theories were influenced by Vygotsky, particularly with regard to his emphasis on the importance of the social and political environment. Bruner understood that the process of constructing knowledge of the world is not accomplished in isola...
In a 1970 interview with Elizabeth Hall in Psychology Today,Jean Piaget addressed the question of the practical applications of his theory of genetic epistemology. Piaget's caution is well taken. Since the late 1950s, when his writings were translated for readers in the United States, his influential ideas have been applied widely and survived exte...
1896:Jean Piaget born in Neuchatel, Switzerland. 1906:Publishes first article in local journal. 1918:Receives Ph.D. in Natural Sciences, University of Neuchatel, as Zoologist; He attends the University of Zurich for postgraduate studies. He works in Eugen Bleuler's psychiatric clinic and develops his technique of the clinical interview. 1919:Works ...
Sources
Atherton, J. S. 2003. "Learning and Teaching: Piaget's developmental psychology." [cited March 20, 2004] http://ww.dmu.ac.uk/~jamesa/learning/piaget.htm. Bacon, Jonathan. "Application of theory in the construction of learning materials." [cited March 20, 2004] http://www.jonobacon.org/writing/. Boeree, Dr. C. George. "Personality Theories: Erik Erikson." [cited March 27, 2004] http://www.ship.edu/cgboeree/erikson.html. Bransford, John D., et al., eds. How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience...
Further readings
Chapman, M. Constructive Evolution: Origins and Development of Piaget's Thought. Cambridge UniversityPress, 1988. DeLisi, R. and Golbeck, S. "Implications of Piagetian theory for peer learning," (3-37). In A. O'Donnell & A. King (Eds.) Cognitive Perspectives on Peer Learning. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1999. Evans, Richard L. Jean Piaget: The Man and His Ideas. Trans. by Eleanor Duckworth. New York: E. P. Dutton and Co., Inc., 1973. Flavell, John H. The Developmental Psychology...
Apr 30, 2019 · Research in psychology has undergone many changes in the last 20 years. The increased and tighter relationship between psychology, neuroscience, and philosophy, the emergence and affirmation of embodied and grounded cognition approaches, the grow of interest on new research topics, the strengthening of new areas, such as the social, cognitive, and affective neuroscience, the spread of Bayesian ...
The Scientific Method | Introduction to Psychology. Scientists are engaged in explaining and understanding how the world around them works, and they are able to do so by coming up with theories that generate hypotheses that are testable and falsifiable.
