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Europe is a continent [t] located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east. Europe shares the landmass of Eurasia with Asia, and of Afro-Eurasia with both Asia and Africa.
- Europe (Disambiguation)
Greek mythology. Europa (Greek myth), or Europe, several...
- Ethnic Groups in Europe
Europeans are the focus of European ethnology, the field of...
- Northern Hemisphere
Northern Hemisphere shaded blue. The hemispheres appear...
- Europe (Disambiguation)
A topographic map of the United States. The United States is the world's third-largest country by total area behind Russia and Canada. The 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia occupy a combined area of 3,119,885 square miles (8,080,470 km 2).
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21 hours ago · Europe, second smallest of the world’s continents, composed of the westward-projecting peninsulas of Eurasia (the great landmass that it shares with Asia). It occupies nearly one-fifteenth of the world’s total land area. The long processes of history marked it off as the home of a distinctive civilization.
Sep 11, 2023 · 15 Entries available in the atlas. General maps. Location of Europe. Map of Europe with capitals and ocean-background. Map of Europe with the names of the countries. Map of Europe without the names of the countries. Europe countries in local languages. Physical map of Europe. Topography map of Europe. Biogeographical map of Europe.
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- History
- Geography
- Orientation
- Scale and Accuracy
- Projection
- Symbology
- Design
- Types
- Legal Regulation
- References
The history of cartography traces the development of cartography, or mapmaking technology, in human history. Maps have been one of the most important human inventions for millennia, allowing humans to explain and navigate their way through the world. The earliest surviving maps include cave paintings and etchings on tusk and stone, followed by exte...
Cartography or map-making is the study and practice of crafting representations of the Earth upon a flat surface (see History of cartography), and one who makes maps is called a cartographer. Road maps are perhaps the most widely used maps today, and form a subset of navigational maps, which also include aeronautical and nautical charts, railroad n...
The orientation of a map is the relationship between the directions on the map and the corresponding compass directions in reality. The word "orient" is derived from Latin oriens, meaning east. In the Middle Ages many maps, including the T and O maps, were drawn with east at the top (meaning that the direction "up" on the map corresponds to East on...
Many maps are drawn to a scale expressed as a ratio, such as 1:10,000, which means that 1 unit of measurement on the map corresponds to 10,000 of that same unit on the ground. The scale statement can be accurate when the region mapped is small enough for the curvature of the Earth to be neglected, such as a city map. Mapping larger regions, where t...
Geographic maps use a projection to translate the three-dimensional real surface of the geoidto a two-dimensional picture. Projection always distorts the surface. There are many ways to apportion the distortion, and so there are many map projections. Which projection to use depends on the purpose of the map.
The various features shown on a map are represented by conventional signsor symbols. For example, colors can be used to indicate a classification of roads. Those signs are usually explained in the margin of the map, or on a separately published characteristic sheet. Some cartographers prefer to make the map cover practically the entire screen or sh...
The design and production of maps is a craft that has developed over thousands of years, from clay tablets to Geographic information systems. As a form of Design, particularly closely related to Graphic design, map making incorporates scientific knowledge about how maps are used, integrated with principles of artistic expression, to create an aesth...
Maps of the world or large areas are often either 'political' or 'physical'. The most important purpose of the political map is to show territorial borders; the purpose of the physical is to show features of geography such as mountains, soil type, or land use including infrastructures such as roads, railroads, and buildings. Topographic maps show e...
Some countries required that all published maps represent their national claims regarding border disputes. For example: 1. Within Russia, Google Maps shows Crimeaas part of Russia. 2. Both the Republic of India and the People's Republic of China require that all maps show areas subject to the Sino-Indian border disputein their own favor. In 2010, t...
Bibliography
1. David Buisseret, ed., Monarchs, Ministers and Maps: The Emergence of Cartography as a Tool of Government in Early Modern Europe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992, ISBN 0-226-07987-2 2. Denis E. Cosgrove (ed.) Mappings. Reaktion Books, 1999 ISBN 1-86189-021-4 3. Freeman, Herbert, Automated Cartographic Text Placement.White paper. 4. Ahn, J. and Freeman, H., "A program for automatic name placement," Proc. AUTO-CARTO 6, Ottawa, 1983. 444–455. 5. Freeman, H., "Computer Name Placement...
World map. A world map is a map of most or all of the surface of Earth. World maps, because of their scale, must deal with the problem of projection. Maps rendered in two dimensions by necessity distort the display of the three-dimensional surface of the Earth.
Free political, physical and outline maps of Europe and individual country maps of England, France, Spain and others. Detailed geography information for teachers, students and travelers.
