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  1. The first phase from 1618 until 1635 was primarily a civil war between German members of the Holy Roman Empire, with support from external powers. After 1635, the empire became one theatre in a wider struggle between France, supported by Sweden, and Emperor Ferdinand III, allied with Spain.

  2. Jun 18, 2024 · Thirty Years’ War, (1618–48), in European history, a series of wars fought by various nations for various reasons, including religious, dynastic, territorial, and commercial rivalries. Its destructive campaigns and battles occurred over most of Europe, and, when it ended with the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, the map of Europe had been ...

  3. Nov 9, 2009 · The Thirty Years’ War was a 17th-century religious conflict fought primarily in central Europe. It remains one of the longest and most brutal wars in human history, with more...

  4. Aug 11, 2022 · The Eighty Years’ War (1568-1648, also known as the Dutch Revolt) between Spain and the Netherlands was then in the period known as the Twelve Years’ Truce (1609-1621), allowing Catholic Spain and the Protestants of the Netherlands to send resources to Bohemia to help their respective causes.

  5. The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, lasting from 1618 to 1648. Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of battle, famine, and disease, while some areas of what is now modern Germany experienced population declines of ...

  6. History of Europe - Thirty Years War, Religious Conflict, Peace of Westphalia: The war originated with dual crises at the continent’s centre: one in the Rhineland and the other in Bohemia, both part of the Holy Roman Empire.

  7. Jul 16, 2022 · The biggest catastrophe in Europe, the Thirty Years' War, was caused by Martin Luther's longing for a purer Christianity. Between 1618 and 1648, Europe lost over 8 million...

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