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- 1953 coup in Iran, coup d’état in Iran that occurred in August 1953. Funded by the United States and the United Kingdom, it removed Mohammad Mosaddegh from power and restored Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi as Iran’s leader. Some 300 people died during fighting in Tehrān.
www.britannica.com › event › 1953-coup-in-Iran1953 coup in Iran | Coup D’etat, Description & Facts | Britannica
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The 1953 Iranian coup d'état, known in Iran as the 28 Mordad coup d'état (Persian: کودتای ۲۸ مرداد), was the U.S.- and British-instigated, Iranian army-led overthrow of the elected Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh in favor of strengthening the monarchical rule of the shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, on 19 August 1953, with one of ...
- Origins
- Planning Operation Ajax
- Aftermath
- Legacy
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Overthrowing Mosaddegh's government was a British idea for which they asked President Truman's aid; he refused.Later, in 1953, when Eisenhower became president, the British asked him and he agreed to their jointly deposing the elected Iranian civil government. Prime Minister Mosaddegh, having decided that Iran must profit from its own petroleum, ac...
As a condition for restoring the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, the U.S. required collapsing the AIOC's monopoly; five American petroleum companies, Royal Dutch Shell, and the Compagnie Française des Pétroles, were to draw Iran's petroleum after the successful coup d'état—Operation Ajax. As part of that, the CIA organized anti-Communist guerrillas to f...
Iran
An immediate consequence of the coup d'état was the political repression of National Front opposition and especially of the (Communist) Tudeh party, and concentration of political power in the Shah and his courtiers. Halliday says that the Shah exercised complete political control, using his secret service (SAVAK) and the military to crush anyone critical of the regime. Another effect, however, was sharp improvement of Iran's economy; the British-led oil embargo against Iran ended, and oil re...
Internationally
The 1953 coup d'état was the first time the U.S. had openly overthrown an elected, civil government. In the U.S., Operation Ajax was a success, with "immediate and far-reaching effect. Overnight, the CIA became a central part of the American foreign policy apparatus, and covert action came to be regarded as a cheap and effective way to shape the course of world events"—a coup against the elected Guatemalangovernment of Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán, which had nationalized farm land owned by the United...
U.S.-British support for the dictatorial rule of the Shah and their role in overthrowing Mosaddeq's government has attracted censure as an example of duplicity. In 2000, Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, during President Bill Clinton's reign, called it a "setback for democratic government" in Iran.On the one hand, the U.S. and Great Britain sp...
Abrahamian, Ervand. Iran Between Two Revolutions. Princeton Studies on the Near East. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1982. ISBN 978-0691053424.Halliday, Fred. Iran, Dictatorship and Development. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin, 1978. ISBN 978-0140220100.Kapuściński, Ryszard. Shah of Shahs. San Diego, CA: Harcourt Brace, Jovanovich, 1985. ISBN 978-0151814831.Keddie, Nikki R. and Yann Richard. Modern Iran: Roots and Results of Revolution. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006. ISBN 978-0300121056.All links retrieved October 16, 2020. 1. The C.I.A. in Iran—New York Timesreport based on uncovered CIA documents. 2. The Secret CIA History of the Iran Coup, 1953—Provided by the National Security Archive. 3. US-Iranian Relations, the 1953 CIA Coup in Iran and the Roots of Middle East Terror—Interview with Stephen Kinzer, author of All the Shah’s ...
Feb 7, 2019 · On Aug. 19, 2013, the CIA publicly admitted for the first time its involvement in the 1953 coup against Iran's elected Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh.
- Lawrence Wu
Dec 15, 1993 · Learn how the British and American intelligence agencies conspired to overthrow the popular prime minister Moḥammad Moṣaddeq and install Fażl-Allāh Zāhedī in 1953. Explore the background, the events, and the consequences of this historical coup that changed Iran's political landscape.
Sep 1, 2013 · Orchestrating the Iranian coup d'état was a first for the CIA and would serve as the template for future Cold War covert operations worldwide.
In retrospect, the United States sponsored coup d'état in Iran of August 19, 1953, has emerged as a critical event in postwar world history. The government of Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddeq which was ousted in the coup was the last popular, democratically oriented government to hold office in Iran.
