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Valentinian III was the last emperor of the Valentinianic dynasty and a member of the Theodosian dynasty. He ruled the Western Roman Empire from 425 to 455, facing civil wars, invasions and intrigues.
Valentinian III was a Roman emperor from 425 to 455. At no time in his long reign were the affairs of state personally managed by Valentinian. He was the son of the patrician Flavius Constantius (who ruled as Constantius III in 421) and Galla Placidia.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Jul 19, 2021 · Learn about Valentinian III, the last emperor of the western Roman Empire, who ruled from AD 425 to AD 455. Find out how he became emperor, who were his allies and enemies, and how he faced the Vandals, the Huns and the Visigoths.
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- Becoming A Caesar
- The Impact of Placidia and Aetius
- Events in Europe
- Events in North Africa
- Attila’s Rome Campaign
- Final Days of Valentinian’S Rule
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The young Valentinian III, in preparation for his taking the Western throne, was elevated to the rank of Caesar in Thessalonica in AD 424. A military expedition was then organized by the eastern emperor to conquer the western capital, Ravenna, and depose John. Placidia and her children sailed on the very fleet which set out to Italy. The two genera...
Valentinian III, like other emperors of that period (for example, Honorius and Theodosius II), was a ruler who left the governing of his empire to others. At first, during his childhood, he should have his mother, Placidia, take care of the government, and later, rule lay much in the hands of his military chief, Aetius. While others governed, Valen...
Meanwhile, back in Europe, Placidia hoped for her main army supporter, Bonifatius (Boniface), to rid her of Aetius. Bonifatius had returned from Africa to Italy in AD 429, and ever since, war between him and Aetius had been brewing. The two finally clashed in AD 432. Bonifatius was defeated, wounded, and later died. Aetius went on to drive the Germ...
Yet the deterioration in North Africa continued. In AD 439, Geiseric conquered Carthage, and in AD 441, once again, heavily defeated a Roman force sent against him. With the Western empire suffering from an ever more desperate shortage of military manpower, things only got worse. Then, in AD 450, the eastern emperor Marcian canceled the annual subs...
In AD 451, on the Catalaunian Plains (Châlons), Aetius, together with the Visigoths, met Attila’s Huns, who were reinforced by many German tribes. The battle saw the death of the Visigoth king Theodoric I, but Attila was decisively beaten. However, instead of withdrawing back into Germany, Attila, in AD 452, moved into Italy, with Aetius unable to ...
In AD 453, Aetius’ son was betrothed to Valentinian III’s daughter Placidia. Aetius thereafter was granted his fourth consulship in AD 454. He stood at the height of his power, having effectively ruled the Western empire at the head of the military for two decades. However, at court, he had influential and deadly enemies, foremost among them the fo...
Who assassinated Valentinian III?
Valentinian’s reign saw the slow dissolution of the western empire, including the loss of Africa to the Vandals and Atilla’s invasion of Gaul. Valentinian III was assassinated in 455 as the result of a plot instigated by the senator Petronius Maximus.
Which Roman emperor got so mad he died?
Valentinian became so angry that a blood vessel in his brain exploded, killing him instantly. He would be known as the last great Western Emperor to rule an empire at peace.
What is Valentinian III known for?
Valentinian III, Latin in full Flavius Placidius Valentinianus (born July 2, 419, Ravenna [Italy]—died March 16, 455, Rome), Roman emperor from 425 to 455. At no time in his long reign were the affairs of state personally managed by Valentinian.
Learn about the life and reign of Valentinian III, the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Find out how he became emperor, who ruled for him, and how he faced the Vandals, the Huns, and the Visigoths.
Valentinian III, 419–55, Roman emperor of the West (425–55). Two years after the death of his uncle, Honorius, he was placed on the throne by his cousin Theodosius II, who deposed the usurper John.
Jun 1, 1999 · Valentinian III was the son of Honorius' sister and Constantius, and the last effective western emperor. He ruled from 425 to 455, but was overshadowed by his mother, his wife, and his general Aetius, and was murdered by his bodyguards.
VALENTINIAN III, ROMAN EMPEROR. Reigned 424 to 455; Caesar, Oct. 23, 424; Augustus, Oct. 23, 425; b. son of Constantius III in Ravenna, July 2, 419; assassinated, Rome, March 16, 455. His mother and regent, Galla Placidia (d. November 450), successfully played off the Roman generals Felix, Boniface, and Aetius against one another.
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