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Specific hydrogen bonding between complementary nucleotide bases
- Base pairing is a crucial concept in genetics, essential for understanding the structure and function of DNA. It refers to the specific hydrogen bonding between complementary nucleotide bases, which forms the foundation for the double helix structure of DNA.
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Pairing G with C and A with T brings together oppositely charged regions. A full turn of a DNA double helix is shown in Figure 28.4. The helix is 20 Å wide, there are 10 base pairs per turn, and each turn is 34 Å in length.
In double stranded DNA, the guanine (G) base on one strand can form three H-bonds with a cytosine (C) base on another strand (this is called a GC base pair). The thymine (T) base on one strand can form two H-bonds with an adenine (A) base on the other strand (this is called an AT base pair).
- The History of DNA
- Basics of DNA Replication
- Major Enzymes
- “Proofreading” DNA
- Telomeres
- Check Your Understanding
Modern understandings of DNA have evolved from the discovery of nucleic acid to the development of the double-helix model. In the 1860s, Friedrich Miescher (Figure 1), a physician by profession, was the first person to isolate phosphate-rich chemicals from white blood cells or leukocytes. He named these chemicals (which would eventually be known as...
The elucidation of the structure of the double helix provided a hint as to how DNA divides and makes copies of itself. This model suggests that the two strands of the double helix separate during replication, and each strand serves as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied. What was not clear was how the replication took place...
The process of DNA replication is catalyzed by a type of enzyme called DNA polymerase (poly meaning many, mer meaning pieces, and –ase meaning enzyme; so an enzyme that attaches many pieces of DNA). Observe Figure 6: the double helix of the original DNA molecule separates (blue) and new strands are made to match the separated strands. The result wi...
DNA replication is a highly accurate process, but mistakes can occasionally occur, such as a DNA polymerase inserting a wrong base. Uncorrected mistakes may sometimes lead to serious consequences, such as cancer. Repair mechanisms correct the mistakes. In rare cases, mistakes are not corrected, leading to mutations; in other cases, repair enzymes a...
As you’ve learned, the enzyme DNA pol can add nucleotides only in the 5′ to 3′ direction. In the leading strand, synthesis continues until the end of the chromosome is reached. On the lagging strand, DNA is synthesized in short stretches, each of which is initiated by a separate primer. When the replication fork reaches the end of the linear chromo...
Answer the question(s) below to see how well you understand the topics covered in the previous section. This short quiz does notcount toward your grade in the class, and you can retake it an unlimited number of times. Use this quiz to check your understanding and decide whether to (1) study the previous section further or (2) move on to the next se...
Feb 28, 2024 · Base pairing in DNA involves two nucleobases connected by hydrogen bonds, creating the DNA double helix structure. This pairing consists of adenine (A) with thymine (T) and cytosine (C) with guanine (G). Base pairs are crucial for the stability and function of DNA.
Base pairings cause the nitrogenous bases to be inaccessible to other molecules until the hydrogen bonds separate. However, specific enzymes can easily break these hydrogen bonds to carry out necessary cell processes, such as DNA replication and transcription.
Jan 1, 2022 · Definition. A base pair is a unit of the DNA double helix structure. Introduction. A very important unit of DNA is the base pair (bp) which is formed between two nucleobases. Nucleobases are nitrogenous biological compounds and form nucleoside which is component of nucleotide.
Definition. The base pairing rules refer to the way in which DNA bases pair up. Adenine (A) always pairs with Thymine (T), and Guanine (G) always pairs with Cytosine (C).
