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- Vascular plants (tracheophytes) differ from the nonvascular bryophytes in that they possess specialized supporting and water-conducting tissue, called xylem, and food-conducting tissue, called phloem.
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Jul 11, 2023 · Xylem and phloem form the vascular system of a plant. Xylem transports water and minerals, while phloem transports food. The vascular system of plants consists of the xylem and phloem. They are somewhat like blood vessels in animals, but plants transport materials using two tissues rather than one.
Oct 31, 2023 · Xylem transports and stores water and water-soluble nutrients in vascular plants. Phloem is responsible for transporting sugars, proteins, and other organic molecules in plants. Vascular plants are able to grow higher than other plants due to the rigidity of xylem cells, which support the plant.
- Vascular Tissue: Xylem and Phloem. The first fossils that show the presence of vascular tissue date to the Silurian period, about 430 million years ago.
- Roots: Support for the Plant. Roots are not well preserved in the fossil record. Nevertheless, it seems that roots appeared later in evolution than vascular tissue.
- Leaves, Sporophylls, and Strobili. A third innovation marks the seedless vascular plants. Accompanying the prominence of the sporophyte and the development of vascular tissue, the appearance of true leaves improved their photosynthetic efficiency.
- Ferns and Other Seedless Vascular Plants. By the late Devonian period, plants had evolved vascular tissue, well-defined leaves, and root systems. With these advantages, plants increased in height and size.
- Vascular Tissue: Xylem and Phloem. The first plant fossils that show the presence of vascular tissue date to the Silurian period, about 430 million years ago.
- Roots: Support for the Plant. Roots are not well-preserved in the fossil record. Nevertheless, it seems that roots appeared later in evolution than vascular tissue.
- Leaves, Sporophylls, and Strobili. A third innovation marks the seedless vascular plants. Accompanying the prominence of the sporophyte and the development of vascular tissue, the appearance of true leaves improved their photosynthetic efficiency.
- Ferns and Other Seedless Vascular Plants. By the late Devonian period, plants had evolved vascular tissue, well-defined leaves, and root systems. With these advantages, plants increased in height and size.
The two primary vascular tissues are xylem, which transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves, and phloem, which conducts food from the leaves to all parts of the plant. Most extant plants on Earth have vascular systems, including the lower vascular plants (lycophytes and ferns), gymnosperms, and angiosperms.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Xylem and phloem are collectively called vascular tissue and form a central column ( stele) through the plant axis. The ferns, gymnosperms, and flowering plants are all vascular plants. Because they possess vascular tissues, these plants have true stems, leaves, and roots.
They consist of long, narrow cells arranged end-to-end, forming tubes. There are two different types of vascular tissues, called xylem and phloem. Both are shown in Figure below. Xylem is vascular tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals from roots to stems and leaves.
