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The Cyrillic script (/ s ɪ ˈ r ɪ l ɪ k / sih-RIL-ik), Slavonic script or simply Slavic script is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia. It is the designated national script in various Slavic , Turkic , Mongolic , Uralic , Caucasian and Iranic -speaking countries in Southeastern Europe , Eastern Europe , the Caucasus ...
- Early Cyrillic Alphabet
The Early Cyrillic alphabet, also called classical Cyrillic...
- De
De, like the Cyrillic letter El, has two typographical...
- Cyrillic Script in Unicode
The next characters in the Cyrillic block, range...
- Faux Cyrillic
A faux Russian T-shirt print reads "ШЗ́ДЯ" (WEAR). A...
- Old Permic Script
The Old Permic script (Komi: Важ Перым гижӧм, 𐍮𐍐𐍕 𐍟𐍔𐍠𐍨𐍜...
- Zhe
Zhe, Zha, or Zhu, sometimes transliterated as Že (Ж ж;...
- Dotted I
The name of this letter in the Early Cyrillic alphabet was и...
- Cyril and Methodius
Its descendant script, the Cyrillic, is still used by many...
- Fita
Fita (Ѳ ѳ; italics: Ѳ ѳ) is a letter of the Early Cyrillic...
- List of Cyrillic letters
Main articles: Cyrillic script, Cyrillic alphabets, and...
- Early Cyrillic Alphabet
The Cyrillic script, sometimes called the Slavonic script or Slavic script, is a writing system used to write Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Rusyn, Bulgarian, Macedonian and for most South Slavic languages. It was developed in the Bulgarian empire during the reign of Tsar Simeon I.
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- Letters
- Historic Letters
- Consonants
- Vowels
- Non-Vocalized Letters
- Treatment of Foreign Sounds
- Numeric Values
- Diacritics
- Keyboard Layout
- Letter Names
^† An alternative form of the letter De (Д д) closely resembles the Greek letter delta (Δ δ).^‡ An alternative form of the letter El (Л л) closely resembles the Greek letter lambda (Λ λ).Letters eliminated in 1917–18
1. і — Identical in pronunciation to ⟨и⟩, was used exclusively immediately before other vowels and the ⟨й⟩ ("Short I") (for example, ⟨патріархъ⟩ [pətrʲɪˈarx], 'patriarch') and in the word ⟨міръ⟩ [mʲir] ('world') and its derivatives, to distinguish it from the word ⟨миръ⟩ [mʲir] ('peace') (the two words are actually etymologically cognate and not arbitrarily homonyms). 2. ѣ — Originally had a distinct sound, but by the middle of the eighteenth century had become identical in pronunciation to ⟨...
Letters eliminated before 1750
1. ⟨ѕ⟩ corresponded to a more archaic /dz/ pronunciation, already absent in East Slavic at the start of the historical period, but kept by tradition in certain words until the eighteenth century in secular writing, and in Church Slavonic and Macedonianto the present day. 2. ⟨ѯ⟩ and ⟨ѱ⟩ derived from Greek letters xi and psi, used etymologically though inconsistently in secular writing until the eighteenth century, and more consistently to the present day in Church Slavonic. 3. ⟨ѡ⟩ is the Greek...
Most consonants can represent both "soft" (palatalized, represented in the IPA with a ⟨ʲ⟩) and "hard" consonant phonemes. If consonant letters are followed by vowel letters, the soft/hard quality of the consonant depends on whether the vowel is meant to follow "hard" consonants ⟨а, о, э, у, ы⟩ or "soft" consonants ⟨я, ё, е, ю, и⟩; see below. A soft...
The Russian alphabet contains 10 vowel letters. They are grouped into soft and hard vowels. The soft vowels, ⟨е, ё, и, ю, я⟩, either indicate a preceding palatalized consonant, or (with the exception of ⟨и⟩) are iotated (pronounced with a preceding /j/) in all other cases. The IPA vowels shown are a guideline only and sometimes are realized as diff...
Hard sign
The hard sign (⟨ъ⟩) acts like a "silent back vowel" that separates a succeeding "soft vowel" (⟨е, ё, ю, я⟩, but not ⟨и⟩) from a preceding consonant, invoking implicit iotation of the vowel with a distinct /j/ glide. Today it is used mostly to separate a prefix ending with a hard consonant from the following root. Its original pronunciation, lost by 1400 at the latest, was that of a very short middle schwa-like sound, likely pronounced [ə] or [ɯ]. Until the 1918 reform, no written word could e...
Soft sign
The soft sign (⟨ь⟩) in most positions acts like a "silent front vowel" and indicates that the preceding consonant is palatalized (except for always-hard ж, ш, ц) and the following vowel (if present) is iotated (including ⟨ьо⟩ in loans). This is important as palatalization is phonemic in Russian. For example, брат [brat] ('brother') contrasts with брать [bratʲ] ('to take'). The original pronunciation of the soft sign, lost by 1400 at the latest, was that of a very short fronted reduced vowel /...
Because Russian borrows terms from other languages, there are various conventions for sounds not present in Russian. For example, while Russian has no [h], there are a number of common words (particularly proper nouns) borrowed from languages like English and German that contain such a sound in the original language. In well-established terms, such...
The numerical values correspond to the Greek numerals, with ⟨ѕ⟩ being used for digamma, ⟨ч⟩ for koppa, and ⟨ц⟩ for sampi. The system was abandoned for secular purposes in 1708, after a transitional period of a century or so; it continues to be used in Church Slavonic, while general Russian texts use Indo-Arabic numerals and Roman numerals.
The Cyrillic alphabet and Russian spelling generally employ fewer diacritics than those used in other European languages written with the Latin alphabet. The only diacritic, in the proper sense, is the acute accent ⟨◌́⟩ (Russian: знак ударения 'mark of stress'), which marks stress on a vowel, as it is done in Spanish and Greek. (Unicode has no code...
Microsoft Windows keyboard layoutfor personal computers is as follows: However, there are several variations of so-called "phonetic keyboards" that are often used by non-Russians, where, as far as is possible, pressing an English letter key will type the Russian letter with a similar sound (A → А, S → С, D → Д, F → Ф, etc.).
Until approximately the year 1900, mnemonic names inherited from Church Slavonicwere used for the letters. They are given here in the pre-1918 orthography of the post-1708 civil alphabet. The Russian poet Alexander Pushkin wrote: "The [names of the] letters that make up the Slavonic alphabet don't represent a meaning at all. Аз, буки, веди, глаголь...
Cyrillic alphabet, writing system developed in the 9th–10th century for Slavic-speaking peoples of the Eastern Orthodox faith. It is currently used exclusively or as one of several alphabets for more than 50 languages, notably Belarusian, Bulgarian, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian, and Tajik.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (Serbian: српска/Вукова ћирилица, srpska/Vukova ćirilica, literally "Serbian/Vuk's Cyrillic alphabet") is the official and traditional alphabet used to write the Serbian language.
The Cyrillic script, Slavonic script, or the Slavic script, is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia. It is the designated national script in various Slavic, Turkic, Mongolic, Uralic, Caucasian, and Iranic-speaking countries in Southeastern Europe, Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, North Asia, and East Asia.
