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Finnish ( endonym: suomi [ˈsuo̯mi] ⓘ or suomen kieli [ˈsuo̯meŋ ˈkie̯li]) is a Uralic language of the Finnic branch, spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by ethnic Finns outside of Finland. Finnish is one of the two official languages of Finland, alongside Swedish.
Sociology. Sociology of language is the study of the relations between language and society. [1] It is closely related to the field of sociolinguistics, [2] which focuses on the effect of society on language. One of its longest and most prolific practitioners was Joshua Fishman, who was founding editor of the International Journal of the ...
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- 1.2 Macrosociolinguistics
- 1.2.1 Individuals and the social use of language
- 1.2.2 How does a language variety become a language?
- 1.2.3 Personal and societal multilingualism
- 1.3.1 The linguistic past
- 1.3.2 The present book and its intellectual context
Four primary questions underlie Macrosociolinguistics. The first is: how does an individual’s speech interact with societal norms and expecta-tions? The second: what makes a language variety a language? The third: how normal is it for societies to be multilingual? The fourth: why do some language varieties prosper while others do not? Naturally, th...
This topic has, of course, been of profound interest and debate through-out the discipline’s history; naturally, I cannot do it justice in this con-text and will therefore confine myself to a few concepts. Sociologists of language generally term different contexts in which we speak as domains. For instance, in the essays collected in Jenkins (2000)...
Most of us think of language in Platonic terms: there is a German, or Thai, in absolute terms, separate from all other languages. But our expe-rience of our own language suggests that matters are a lot messier than these absolutes. For German, one dialect, Standard High German, exists which foreigners learn. All literate German speakers read, write...
Since the sociology of language as a subject was largely developed in the post-war United States, it is understandable that practitioners have been particularly interested in the nature both of personal and societal mul-tilingualism. A society made up largely of immigrants, the United States presents an opportunity to observe how speakers of a grea...
To what extent can we hope to observe the same phenomena in a more distant past as Kloss in particular descried in the modern era? There are, for instance, very few, if any, examples in the past of what Joseph terms engineered standardization: no language committees and very few popu-list/popular movements existed (although the discussion of the ‘b...
Authority and Identity is intended both as a narrative history of language use in Europe and as a means of testing some Macrosociolinguistic ideas at a considerable distance into the past. It is practically unique in treating the history of Europe’s language use in a sociolinguistic way. There are, of course, a number of works which discuss some of...
- Robert McColl Millar
- 2010
The sociology of language is the study of the relationship between language and society. It ‘focuses upon the entire gamut of topics related to the social organization of language behavior, including not only language usage per se but also language attitudes and overt behaviors toward language and toward language users’ (Fishman, 1971, p. 217).
- Su-Chiao Chen
- 1997
The sociology of work has never been a strictly defined discipline in Finland. Its direct Finnish-language translation, työn sosiologia, started to gain ground in common language only in the 1970s, when the subject of the research began to gradually expand from industrial work and industrial
4 days ago · Finnish language, member of the Finno-Ugric group of the Uralic language family, spoken in Finland. At the beginning of the 19th century, Finnish had no official status, with Swedish being used in Finnish education, government, and literature. The publication in 1835 of the Kalevala, a national epic poem based on Finnish folklore, aroused ...
3 The Sociology of Language Joshua A. Fishman Man is constantly using language - spoken language, written language, printed language - and man is constantly linked to others via shared norms of behavior. The sociology of language examines the interaction between these two aspects of human behavior: the use of language and the social
