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Definisi. Tanah Israel adalah istilah yang merujuk kepada wilayah geografis yang secara historis dan budaya memiliki signifikansi penting bagi bangsa Israel. Definisi tanah Israel dapat bervariasi tergantung pada perspektif sejarah, agama, politik, dan budaya. Sumber-sumber utama untuk definisi Tanah Israel meliputi: Perspektif Sejarah:
Israel, [a] dengan nama resmi Negara Israel, [b] adalah negara di Asia Barat yang dikelilingi oleh Laut Tengah, Lebanon, Suriah, Palestina, Yordania, Mesir. Dengan populasi sebesar 7,5 juta jiwa, Israel merupakan satu-satunya negara Yahudi di dunia. [20] .
- Etymology and Biblical Roots
- Biblical Borders
- Jewish Beliefs
- Christian Beliefs
- History
- Modern Usage
- See Also
- Further Reading
The term "Land of Israel" is a direct translation of the Hebrew phrase ארץ ישראל (Eretz Yisrael), which occasionally occurs in the Bible, and is first mentioned in the Tanakh in 1 Samuel 13:19, following the Exodus, when the Israelite tribes were already in the Land of Canaan. The words are used sparsely in the Bible: King David is ordered to gath...
Genesis 15
Genesis 15:18–21 describes what are known as "Borders of the Land" (Gevulot Ha-aretz), which in Jewish tradition defines the extent of the land promised to the descendants of Abraham, through his son Isaac and grandson Jacob.The passage describes the area as the land of the ten named ancient peoples then living there. More precise geographical borders are given in Exodus 23:31, which describes borders as marked by the Red Sea (see debate below), the "Sea of the Philistines" i.e., the Mediterr...
Exodus 23
A slightly more detailed definition is given in Exodus 23:31, which describes the borders as "from the sea of reeds (Red Sea) to the Sea of the Philistines (Mediterranean sea) and from the desert to the EuphratesRiver", though the Hebrew text of the Bible uses the name, "the River", to refer to the Euphrates. Only the "Red Sea" (Exodus 23:31) and the Euphrates are mentioned to define the southern and eastern borders of the full land promised to the Israelites. The "Red Sea" corresponding to H...
Numbers 34
Numbers 34:1–15 describes the land allocated to the Israelite tribes after the Exodus. The tribes of Reuben, Gad and half of Manasseh received land east of the Jordan as explained in Numbers 34:14–15. Numbers 34:1–13 provides a detailed description of the borders of the land to be conquered west of the Jordan for the remaining tribes. The region is called "the Land of Canaan" (Eretz Kna'an) in Numbers 34:2 and the borders are known in Jewish tradition as the "borders for those coming out of E...
Rabbinic laws in the Land of Israel
According to Jewish religious law (halakha), some laws only apply to Jews living in the Land of Israel and some areas in Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria (which are thought to be part of biblical Israel). These include agricultural laws such as the Shmita (Sabbatical year); tithing laws such as the Maaser Rishon (Levite Tithe), Maaser sheni, and Maaser ani (poor tithe); charitable practices during farming, such as pe'ah; and laws regarding taxation. One popular source lists 26 of the 613 mitzvot as...
Inheritance of the promise
Traditional religious Jewish interpretation, and that of most Christian commentators, define Abraham's descendants only as Abraham's seed through his son Isaac and his grandson Jacob.[citation needed] Johann Friedrich Karl Keil is less clear, as he states that the covenant is through Isaac, but also notes that Ishmael's descendants, generally the Arabs, have held much of that land through time.
Modern Jewish debates on the Land of Israel
The Land of Israel concept has been evoked by the founders of the State of Israel. It often surfaces in political debates on the status of the West Bank, which is referred to in official Israeli discourse as Judea and Samaria, from the names of the two historical Israelite and Judean kingdoms.These debates frequently invoke religious principles, despite the little weight these principles typically carry in Israeli secular politics. Ideas about the need for Jewish control of the land of Israel...
Inheritance of the promise
During the early 5th century, Saint Augustine of Hippo argued in his City of God that the earthly or "carnal" kingdom of Israel achieved its peak during the reigns of David and his son Solomon.He goes on to say however, that this possession was conditional: "...the Hebrew nation should remain in the same land by the succession of posterity in an unshaken state even to the end of this mortal age, if it obeyed the laws of the Lord its God." He goes on to say that the failure of the Hebrew natio...
Jewish religious tradition does not distinguish clearly between religious, national, racial, or ethnic identities. Nonetheless, during two millennia of exile and with a continuous yet small Jewish presence in the land, a strong sense of bondedness exists throughout this tradition, expressed in terms of people-hood; from the very beginning, this con...
Usage in Israeli politics
Early government usage of the term, following Israel's establishment, continued the historical link and possible Zionist intentions. In 1951–2 David Ben-Gurion wrote "Only now, after seventy years of pioneer striving, have we reached the beginning of independence in a part of our small country." Soon afterwards he wrote "It has already been said that when the State was established it held only six percent of the Jewish people remaining alive after the Nazi cataclysm. It must now be said that...
Palestinian viewpoints
According to Palestinian historian Nur Masalha, Eretz Israel was a religious concept which was turned by Zionists into a political doctrine in order to emphasize an exclusive Jewish right of possession regardless of the Arab presence.Masalha wrote that the Zionist movement has not given up on an expansive definition of the territory, including Jordan and more, even though political pragmatism has engendered a focus on the region west of the Jordan River.
Davies, W. D., The Territorial Dimension of Judaism(1982), University of California PressGoldberg, Michael (2001). Jews and Christians: Getting Our Stories Straight. Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN 978-1-57910-776-5.Masalha, Nur (2007). The Bible & Zionism; Invented Traditions, Archaeology and Post-Colonialism in Israel-Palestine. Zed Books. pp. 2–6. ISBN 978-1-84277-761-9.Geography of Israel; Continent: Asia: Region: Levant: Coordinates: Area: Ranked 150th • Total: 20,770 km 2 (8,020 sq mi) • Land: 97.88% • Water: 2.12%: Coastline: 273 km (170 mi) Borders
Sejarah Israel. Israel ( Ibrani: מדינת ישראל, Medinat Yisrael) didirikan pada 14 Mei 1948 setelah hampir dua ribu tahun bangsa Yahudi berada dalam diaspora. Israel yang sebelumnya tidak memiliki wilayah, setelah melalui berbagai konflik dengan negara-negara Arab dan Palestina, Israel berhasil melakukan pendudukan di wilayah Palestina ...
Israel is located in a region known historically as Canaan, Palestine, and the Holy Land. In antiquity, it was home to several Canaanite city-states, and later, Israelite and Judahite kingdoms, and is referred to as the Land of Israel in Jewish tradition.
A map of the Kingdom of Israel, as described in the Bible. The Land of Israel (Hebrew: אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל ʼÉreṣ Yiśrāʼēl, Eretz Yisrael; Arabic: أرض إسرائيل) is a name for the region also known as Canaan, Palestine or the Holy Land. The name comes from the Torah and the Bible.
