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Немета́ллы — химические элементы, как правило, не обладающие свойствами металлов. Занимают правый верхний угол Периодической системы элементов Менделеева и обычно отделены линией (лесенкой). Количество неметаллов составляет 22-23 элемента, в зависимости от классификации.
Apr 28, 2024 · A nonmetal is a chemical element that mostly lacks metallic attributes. Physically, nonmetals tend to be highly volatile (easily vaporized), have low elasticity, and are good insulators of heat and electricity; chemically, they tend to have high ionization energy and electronegativity values, and gain or share electrons when they react with ...
Nonmetals are chemical elements that mostly lack distinctive metallic properties. They range from colorless gases like hydrogen to shiny crystals like iodine. Physically, they are usually lighter (less dense) than metals; brittle or crumbly if solid; and often poor conductors of heat and electricity.
Some nonmetals (C, black P, S, and Se) are brittle solids at room temperature (although each of these also have malleable, pliable or ductile allotropes). From left to right in the periodic table, the nonmetals can be divided into the reactive nonmetals and the noble gases.
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The nonmetals exhibit a rich variety of chemical behaviors. They include the most reactive and least reactive of elements, and they form many different ionic and covalent compounds. This section presents an overview of the properties and chemical behaviors of the nonmetals, as well as the chemistry of specific elements.
Nonmetals, when reacting with metals, tend to gain electrons (typically attaining noble gas electron configuration) and become anions: Nonmetal + Metal -> Salt \[3Br_{2(l)} + 2Al_{(s)} \rightarrow 2AlBr_{3(s)}\] Compounds composed entirely of nonmetals are molecular substances (not ionic).
May 1, 2024 · nonmetal, in physics, a substance having a finite activation energy (band gap) for electron conduction. This means that nonmetals display low (insulators) to moderate (semiconductors) bulk electrical conductivities, which increase with increasing temperature, and are subject to dielectric breakdown at high voltages and temperatures.
