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Dystonia is a movement disorder that causes the muscles to contract. This can cause twisting motions or other movements that happen repeatedly and that aren't under the person's control.
When the condition affects one part of the body, it's called focal dystonia. When it affects two or more areas of the body next to each other, it's called segmental dystonia. When dystonia affects all parts of the body, it's known as general dystonia. The muscle spasms can range from mild to more s...
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Dystonia affects different people in different ways. Muscle spasms might:
The exact cause of dystonia isn't known. But it might involve changes in communication between nerve cells in several regions of the brain. Some forms of dystonia are passed down in families.
Dystonia also can be a symptom of another disease or condition, including:
To manage dystonia, your healthcare professional might recommend a combination of medicines, therapy or surgery.
Injections of botulinum toxin (Botox, Dysport, others) into specific muscles might reduce or stop your muscle spasms. Injections usually are repeated every 3 to 4 months.
Side effects are generally mild and temporary. They can include weakness, dry mouth or voice changes.
Other medicines target chemicals in your brain called neuro...
For informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
© Mayo Clinic
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