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1 Overview. The Arm architecture provides the foundations for the design of a processor or core, things we refer to as a Processing Element (PE). The Arm architecture is used in a range of technologies, integrated into System-on-Chip (SoC) devices such as smartphones, microcomputers, embedded devices, and even servers.
- Documentation – Arm Developer
For a list of the known issues in the latest version of the...
- Arm® Architecture Reference Manual Armv8, for A-profile ...
Arm® Architecture Reference Manual Armv8, for A-profile...
- Documentation – Arm Developer
- n Introduction to ARM Ltd
- BBC micro
- Rejected:
- Reduced Instruction Set Computer
- n Founded in November 1990
- n Also develop technologies to assist with the design-in of the ARM architecture
- Privileged modes (except System) can also access
- n The ARM has seven basic operating modes:
- n Condition code flags
- n When an exception occurs, the ARM:
- ARM940T
- n The possible condition codes are listed below:
- n Consist of :
- RSB
- { }{S} Rd, Rn, Operand2
- Destination
- Loading 32 bit constants
- n This will either:
- DCD 0x55555555
- n Syntax:
- STRB STRH
- n Syntax:
- where
- n Also an immediate form
- ARM
- GeneratedCaptionsTabForHeroSec
Programmers Model Instruction Set System Design Development Tools
• project need to have a computer to demonstrate various tasks including “teletext/telesoftware, comms, controlling hardware, programming, artificial intelligence, graphics, sound and music, etc. “ • The Acorn team worked very hard to make a prototype to BBC and finally BBC accepted their design.
n Register windows=> Costly n Use Shadow Registers in ARM n Delayed branches n Single cycle execution of all instructions n Memory Access n Multiple Cycles when no separate data and instruction memory support n Auto-indexing Addressing Modes
n Fewer Addressing modes. n Fewer Instructions available. n For example, ARM, NEC VR series.
n Spun out of Acorn Computers n Designs the ARM range of RISC processor cores n Licenses ARM core designs to semiconductor partners who fabricate and sell to their customers. n ARM does not fabricate silicon itself
n Software tools, boards, debug hardware, application software, bus architectures, peripherals etc ARM Partnership Model ARM Powered Products
n a particular spsr (saved program status register)
n User : unprivileged mode under which most tasks run n FIQ : entered when a high priority (fast) interrupt is raised n IRQ : entered when a low priority (normal) interrupt is raised n Supervisor : entered on reset and when a Software Interrupt instruction is executed n Abort : used to handle memory access violations n Undef : used to ha...
n N = Negative result from ALU n Z = Zero result from ALU n C = ALU operation Carried out n V = ALU operation oVerflowed
n Copies CPSR into SPSR_ n Sets appropriate CPSR bits n Change to ARM state n Change to exception mode n Disable interrupts (if appropriate) n Stores the return address in LR_ n Sets PC to vector address
Saturated maths DSP multiply-accumulate instructions
n Note AL is the default and does not need to be specified Suffix
n Arithmetic: n Logical: n Comparisons: n Data movement: ADD AND CMP MOV ADC ORR CMN MVN SUB EOR TST SBC BIC TEQ
n These instructions only work on registers, NOT memory. n Syntax:
n Comparisons set flags only - they do not specify Rd n Data movement does not specify Rn n Second operand is sent to the ALU via barrel shifter.
CF Single bit rotate with wrap around from CF to MSB of of The Barrel Shifter
n To allow larger constants to be loaded, the assembler offers a pseudo-instruction:
n Produce a MOV or MVN instruction to generate the value (if possible).
n This is the recommended way of loading constants into a register
n MUL{ }{S} Rd, Rm, Rs n MLA{ }{S} Rd,Rm,Rs,Rn n [U|S]MULL{ }{S} RdLo, RdHi, Rm, Rs n [U|S]MLAL{ }{S} RdLo, RdHi, Rm, Rs Rd = Rm * Rs Rd = (Rm * Rs) + Rn RdHi,RdLo := Rm*Rs RdHi,RdLo := (Rm*Rs)+RdHi,RdLo
Word Byte Halfword Signed byte load Signed halfword load
n MRS{ } Rd, ; Rd = n MSR{ } ,Rm ; = Rm
n = CPSR or SPSR n [_fields] = any combination of ‘fsxc’
n MSR{ } ,#Immediate n In User Mode, all bits can be read but only the condition flags (_f) can be written. i n e d U n d e f
Bus Interface Decoder On-chip RAM Timer Remap/ Pause
Learn about the history, features and instruction sets of the ARM architecture, a popular 32-bit RISC processor. This PDF file contains slides and diagrams from a university course on computer organization and design.
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Table of contents: Some words about ARM. Introduction of the ARM's core families and their benefits. 2.1 Overview of ARM's current families of their main cores. 2.2 The Evolution of the ARM architecture. 2.3 Development Value. 2.4 Reducing System Costs. 2.5 The ARM product roadmap. Explanation of the ARM architecture.
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§Architecture 5TE and later only §Indicates if saturation has occurred §J bit §Architecture 5TEJ and later only §J = 1: Processor in Jazelle state §Interrupt Disable bits §I = 1: Disables IRQ §F = 1: Disables FIQ §T Bit §T = 0: Processor in ARM state §T = 1: Processor in Thumb state §Introduced in Architecture 4T §Mode bits
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This ARM Architecture Reference Manual is protected by copyright and the practice or implementation of the information herein may be protected by one or more patents or pending applica tions. No part of this ARM Architecture Reference Manual may be reproduced in any form by any means without the express prior written permission of ARM.
