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  1. While it affected children around the world for millennia, the first known clinical description of polio, by British doctor Michael Underwood, was not until 1789, and it was formally recognized as a condition in 1840 by German physician Jakob Heine.

    • Children with polio. Children and a teacher with polio participate in a class at Saint Marys Hospital.
    • 1948-1955. Before a polio vaccine became available, several polio epidemics had occurred between 1948 and 1955. Many people avoided crowds and public gatherings, such as fairs, sports games and swimming pools, during this time due to concern about getting polio.
    • Iron lung. A man with polio in an iron lung talks with former President Dwight Eisenhower at Saint Marys Hospital.
    • 1952-1955. Dr. Jonas E. Salk and colleagues research and develop a polio vaccine.
    • First Vaccines
    • The Vaccine Everyone Was Waiting For — Polio Vaccine
    • More Vaccines Followed in The 1960s — Measles, Mumps and Rubella
    • The 1970s — Vaccine Success
    • Vaccine Development in The 1980s — Hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae Type B
    • Annual Updates to The Immunization Schedule — 1995 to 2010
    • The Schedule from 2011 to Present
    • Combination Vaccines
    • Vaccines For Adolescents: A New Generation of Vaccines
    • Vaccines For Adults — Increasing Opportunities For Health

    Edward Jenner was the first to test a method to protect against smallpox in a scientific manner. He did his study in 1796, and although he did not invent this method, he is often considered the father of vaccines because of his scientific approach that proved the method worked. The method Jenner tested involved taking material from a blister of som...

    Parents were scared of the polio epidemics that occurred each summer; they kept their children away from swimming pools, sent them to stay with relatives in the country, and clamored for an understanding of the spread of polio. They waited for a vaccine, closely following vaccine trials and sending dimes to the White House to help the cause. When t...

    In 1963, the measles vaccine was developed, and by the late 1960s, vaccines were also available to protect against mumps (1967) and rubella (1969). These three vaccines were combined into the MMR vaccine by Dr. Maurice Hillemanin 1971.

    During the 1970s, one vaccine was eliminated. Because of successful eradication efforts, the smallpox vaccine was no longer recommended for use after 1972. While vaccine research continued, new vaccines were not introduced during the 1970s.

    The vaccine for Haemophilus influenzaetype b was licensed in 1985 and placed on the recommended schedule in 1989. When the schedule was published again in 1994, the hepatitis B vaccine had been added. The hepatitis B vaccine was not new, as it had been licensed in 1981 and recommended for high-risk groups such as infants whose mothers were hepatiti...

    As more vaccines became available, an annual update to the schedule was important because of changes that providers needed to know, such as detailed information about who should receive each vaccine, age(s) of receipt, number of doses, time between doses, or use of combination vaccines. New vaccines were also added. Important changes to the schedul...

    Annual updates to both the childhood and adult immunization schedules offer guidance to healthcare providers in the form of new recommendations, changes to existing recommendations, or clarifications to assist with interpretation of the schedule in certain circumstances. The schedules are reviewed by committees of experts from the Centers for Disea...

    In the early 1950s, four vaccines were available: diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and smallpox. Because three of these vaccines were combined into a single shot (DTP), children received five shots by the time they were 2 years old and not more than one shot at a single visit. By the mid-1980s, seven vaccines were available: diphtheria, tetanus, pert...

    Adolescents, like adults, were recommended to get tetanus boosters every 10 years; most requiring their first booster dose around age 11. Other than this, however, most adolescents did not require additional vaccines unless they missed one in childhood. By 2005, vaccines specifically recommended for adolescents were only recommended for sub-groups ...

    Historically, vaccines were deemed to be “only for children.” However, vaccines for adults are becoming increasingly common and necessary. Most adults think only of the tetanus booster recommended every 10 years and even then, many adults only get the vaccine if they injure themselves. In 2005, the Tdap vaccine was licensed as an improved version o...

  2. Oct 15, 2012 · At the University of Pittsburgh, Jonas Salk launched what was then the largest human trial in history, injecting nearly 2 million American kids with a potential vaccine.

    • Jason Beaubien
  3. Feb 9, 2010 · On February 23, 1954, a group of children from Arsenal Elementary School in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, receive the first injections of the new polio vaccine developed by Dr. Jonas Salk. Thanks...

    • Missy Sullivan
  4. Feb 9, 2010 · On March 26, 1953, American medical researcher Dr. Jonas Salk announces on a national radio show that he has successfully tested a vaccine against poliomyelitis, the virus that causes the...

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  6. Aug 8, 2012 · Polio vaccination started in 1957, with Lepine vaccine manufactured by the Pasteur Institute of Paris, but did not include the whole infant population (or even the entire contingent of children born in that year) and was followed in 1959 by IPV produced in USSR, with which all babies were vaccinated (two doses at a 2 mo interval).

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