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Mar 17, 2022 · Last updated: Mar 17, 2022 • 3 min read. The process of science always features certain core characteristics. These central tenets mark the difference between real, reliable science and pseudoscience. Learn more about what makes up the key characteristics of science.
- Conclusions of Science Are Reliable, Though Tentative
- Science Is Not Democratic
- Science Is Non-Dogmatic
- Science Cannot Make Moral Or Aesthetic Decisions
Science is always a work in progress, and its conclusions are always tentative. But just as the word “theory” means something special to the scientist, so too does the word “tentative.” Science’s conclusions are not tentative in the sense that they are temporary until the real answer comes along. Scientific conclusions are well founded in their fac...
Scientific ideas are subject to scrutiny from near and far, but nobody ever takes a vote. If the question of plate tectonics had been decided democratically when it was first presented in the early twentieth century, we would, today, have no explanation for the origins of much of Earth’s terrain. Scientific ideas are accepted or rejected instead on...
Nothing in the scientific enterprise or literature requires belief. To ask someone to accept ideas purely on faith, even when these ideas are expressed by “experts,” is unscientific. While science must make some assumptions, such as the idea that we can trust our senses, explanations and conclusions are accepted only to the degree that they are wel...
Scientists can infer the relationships of flowering plants from their anatomy, DNA, and fossils, but they cannot scientifically assert that a rose is prettier than a daisy. Being human, scientists make moral and aesthetic judgments and choices, as do all citizens of our planet, but such decisions are not part of science.
Science is complex and multi-faceted, but the most important characteristics of science are straightforward: Science is a way of learning about what is in the natural world, how the natural world works, and how the natural world got to be the way it is.
- Objectivity: Scientific knowledge is objective. Objectivity simple means the ability to see and accept facts as they are, not as one might wish them to be.
- Verifiability: Science rests upon sense data, i.e., data gathered through our senses—eye, ear, nose, tongue and touch. Scientific knowledge is based on verifiable evidence (concrete factual observations) so that other observers can observe, weigh or measure the same phenomena and check out observation for accuracy.
- Ethical Neutrality: Science is ethically neutral. It only seeks knowledge. How this knowledge is to be used, is determined by societal values. Knowledge can be put to differing uses.
- Systematic Exploration: A scientific research adopts a certain sequential procedure, an organised plan or design of research for collecting and analysis of facts about the problem under study.
5 days ago · Science, any system of knowledge that is concerned with the physical world and its phenomena and that entails unbiased observations and systematic experimentation. In general, a science involves a pursuit of knowledge covering general truths or the operations of fundamental laws.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Science is a way of discovering what’s in the universe and how those things work today, how they worked in the past, and how they are likely to work in the future. Scientists are motivated by the thrill of seeing or figuring out something that no one has before. Science is useful.
To get a grasp on what science is, we’ll look at a checklist that summarizes key characteristics of science and compare it to a physics-textbook case of science in action: Ernest Rutherford’s investigation into the structure of the atom. Then, we’ll look at some other examples of science to see what characteristics they all share.
