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A Greek concubine [1] Kilij Arslan IV ( Old Anatolian Turkish: قِلِج اَرسلان) or Rukn ad-Dīn Qilij Arslān ibn Kaykhusraw ( Persian: رکن الدین قلیچ ارسلان بن کیخسرو) was Seljuk Sultan of Rûm after the death of his father Kaykhusraw II in 1246. However, a jarlig issued by Güyük Khan confirmed him as ...
- The Origins of The First Crusade
- The First Crusader Coalition: Nobles and Peasants, East and West
- Nicaea Falls to The Byzantines
- Dorylaeum: on The Road to Jerusalem
- Bohemond’S Improvised Defenses
- “Rain Or Hail Never Darkened The Sky So Much”
- Reinforcements Arrive
- The Turkish Camp Burns
- The First of Many Crusades
- Learning The Enemy’S Ways of War
The crusade to retake Jerusalem from the occupying Turks actually began two years earlier, with an impassioned plea by Pope Urban II in November 1095 on the behalf of Europe’s Christian brothers in the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines, as the nearest Christian targets of the rampaging and ever more powerful Seljuk Turks, had been fighting these per...
The armies of the First Crusade marched out from various places. Although this would prove to be largely a French crusade, led by French nobles and fought by French commoners, individual leaders came from all across Europe. By April 1097, the majority of the crusader armies had arrived at the convergence point predesignated by Urban II: Constantino...
By June 3, 1097, the entire crusader army had arrived before Nicaea and had spread out to invest the city. Kilij Arslan, when informed of the city’s investment, at first attempted to attack the crusader lines surrounding Nicaea. The attack failed and Kilij decided to sacrifice the city in order to carry on the fight later on the open ground of Anat...
The acrimony at Constantinople and the betrayal at Nicaea had a tremendous impact on the upcoming Battle of Dorylaeum. No longer having any faith in Alexius or his promises for assistance, Godfrey and other crusader leaders spurned his suggestions to approach Jerusalem along the coast, thereby keeping one flank protected and allowing provisions to ...
At dawn on July 1, the Turks attacked the camp, taking Bohemond and his forces somewhat off guard. The Turks mainly utilized fast, lightly armed horse archers, who would ride around the enemy, shooting arrow after arrow into their midst, then fall back as fresh horse archers took over the attack. If the enemy attempted to counterattack, the horse a...
The first phase of the battle proved to be exceedingly harrowing for the crusaders. Not only was it against the knights’ nature and training to stand by passively and allow lightly armored foes to pepper them with arrows, but standing fully armored in the hot July sun, as their thirst grew greater and greater, proved to be a serious ordeal. The kni...
First to arrive were Godfrey of Bouillon and Hugh of Vermandois, leading a combined force of 50 knights that cut through the Turks to join their besieged comrades. Their arrival had an electric effect on the field. Not only did it energize and relieve the crusaders, it totally took the Turks off guard, and they fell back after the new Christian det...
With the majority of the army on line, the crusader commanders decided to take the battle to their enemy, who were nearly exhausted and low on arrows after fighting without rest for close to seven hours. The crusader line rushed forward, yelling, “Hodie omnes divites si Deo placet effecti eritis [Today, if it pleases God ,you will all become rich]!...
Dorylaeum was of major importance to the course of the First Crusade. There, Kilij Arslan had the chance to utterly stop the crusaders, perhaps forever. If he could have overrun Bohemond’s position, then attacked and destroyed Godfrey’s bulk of the army, the First Crusade would likely be remembered as nothing more than a slight incursion by Europea...
Dorylaeum was a primer for both armies. Prior to Dorylaeum, Turks and Europeans had never fought in open combat (save for limited fighting at Nicaea), so the tactics, equipment, and character of the other’s forces were unknown. Kilij Arslan, who earlier had slaughtered the poorly led People’s Crusade, most likely assumed that all European forces co...
other name: Rukn al-Din Kilij Arslan IV Details individual; ruler; Turkmen; Male. Other dates 1248-1265 (ruled; AH 646-AH 663) Biography Seljuq Sultan of Rum, 1248 ...
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Kilij Arslan ibn Suleiman ( Old Anatolian Turkish: قِلِیچ اَرسلان; Persian: قلیچ ارسلان, romanized : Qilij Arslān; Turkish: I. Kılıç Arslan or Kılıcarslan, lit. "Sword Lion") (1079–1107) was the Seljuq Sultan of Rum from 1092 until his death in 1107. He ruled the Sultanate during the time of the First Crusade ...
Apr 27, 2022 · Kilij Arslan IV (Old Anatolian Turkish: قِلِج اَرسلان, Persian: رکن الدین قلج ارسلان بن کیخسرو Rukn ad-Dīn Qilij Arslān bin Kaykhusraw) was Seljuq Sultan of Rûm after the death of his father Kaykhusraw II in 1246. For part of his tenure as sultan he ruled with his two brothers Kaykaus II and Kayqubad II.
In 1260 Kaykaus II fled from Konya to Crimea where he died in 1279. Kilij Arslan IV was executed in 1265, and Kaykhusraw III (1265–1284) became the nominal ruler of all of Anatolia, with the tangible power exercised either by the Mongols or the sultan's influential regents. Disintegration
Jan 14, 2021 · January 14, 2021. Kilij Arslan I's forces defeated the People's Crusade at the Battle of Civetot. Jean Colombe via Wikimedia Commons under public domain. Archaeologists from Dicle University have ...
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