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John Ridley Stroop ( / struːp /; March 21, 1897 – September 1, 1973), better known as J. Ridley Stroop, was an American psychologist whose research in cognition and interference continues to be considered by some as the gold standard in attentional studies and profound enough to continue to be cited for relevance into the 21st century.
- What Is The Stroop Effect?
- How The Stroop Effect Works
- Additional Research
- Other Uses and Versions
- Critical Evaluation
- References
- Further Information
Congruency, or agreement, occurs when a word’s meaning and font color are the same. For example, if the word “green” is printed in green. Incongruent stimuli are just the opposite. That is the word’s meaning and the color in which it is written do not align. For example, the word “green” might be printed in red ink. The Stroop task asks individuals...
Why does the Stroop effect occur? We can tell our brain to do lots of things – store memories, sleep, think, etc. – so why can’t we tell it to do something as easy as naming a color? Isn’t that something we learn to do at a very young age?
John Ridley Stroop helped lay the groundwork for future research in this field. Numerous studies have tried to identify the specific brain regions responsible for this phenomenon, identifying two key regions: the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLFPC). Both MRI and fMRI scans show activity in the ACC and DLPFC wh...
The purpose of the Stroop task is to measure interference that occurs in the brain. The initial paradigm has since been adopted in several different ways to measure other forms of interference (such as duration and numerosity, as mentioned earlier). The below figure provides illustrations for these four variations: The Stroop task is also used as a...
Dishon-Berkovits and Algom (2000) argue that the Stroop effect is not a result of automatic processes but is due to incidental correlations between the word and its color across stimuli. They suggest that participants unconsciously recognize these correlations, using word cues to anticipate the correct color hue they should name. When testing with ...
Banich, M. T., Milham, M. P., Atchley, R., Cohen, N. J., Webb, A., Wszalek, T., … & Magin, R. (2000). fMRI studies of Stroop tasks reveal unique roles of anterior and posterior brain systems in attentional selection. Journal of cognitive neuroscience, 12(6), 988-1000. Cohen, J. D., Dunbar, K., & McClelland, J. L. (1990). On the control of automatic...
Provides a biographical sketch of J. R. Stroop (1935), who created the Stroop color-word task. Stroop's dissertation has had a profound and lasting effect on cognitive psychology.
John Stroop was an experimental psychologist, best known for developing the Stroop test. In this task, participants are given a list of words, printed in different colors. They are asked to read the color of each word, as opposed to the word itself, and the delay this generally causes is known as the Stroop effect.
JOHN RIDLEY STROOP: CREATOR OF A LANDMARK COGNITIVE TASK. COLIN M. MACLEOD. University of Toronto, Scarborough Campus. Abstract. The Stroop colour-word task, the most widely used demonstration of interference in attention, has provided a fascinating empirical and theoretical puzzle for cognitive psy-chologists for over half a century.
Jul 1, 1991 · This historical note provides a biographical sketch of the task's creator, John Ridley Stroop, and examines the impact of his task on cognitive psychology.
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Understanding what exactly makes the task so challenging has intrigued cognitive psychologists since John Ridley Stroop first introduced the experiment in 1935 (Stroop, 1935). When Stroop designed his experiment, it was a logical yet creative synthesis of all prior research on the concept of interference.
