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Palmyra Atoll (/ p æ l ˈ m aɪ r ə /), also referred to as Palmyra Island, is one of the Northern Line Islands (southeast of Kingman Reef and north of Kiribati). It is located almost due south of the Hawaiian Islands, roughly one-third of the way between Hawaii and American Samoa.
In 2012, Kingman Reef Atoll Development LLC, which was owned by descendants of the owners of the Palmyra Copra Co., Ltd., sued the U.S. government over its designation as a national wildlife refuge. The plaintiff sought $54.5 million in compensation for the loss of fishing rights, ecotourism, and other economic activity.
Palmyra Atoll and Kingman Reef are home to some of the healthiest marine ecosystems in the world. They are reported to be among the most predator-dominated and biomass-rich reefs and atolls in the Central — and maybe the entire — Tropical Pacific Ocean.
Part of the Line Islands chain, Palmyra Atoll and Kingman Reef are also remnants of volcanoes from some 65–120 million years ago. Kingman is the most undisturbed coral reef within the United States, complete with a greater proportion of apex predators (sharks and jacks) than any other studied coral reef ecosystem in the Pacific.
Kingman Reef National Wildlife Refuge was established on January 18, 2001. It is only three feet in elevation and features one of the most pristine coral reef atoll ecosystems in the Pacific. The refuge consists of all emergent areas of Kingman Reef and its surrounding 487,016 acres of submerged lands and waters that extend out 12 nautical ...
Kingman Reef, an unincorporated territory, is predominantly a submerged, uninhabitable atoll located approximately halfway between Honolulu, Hawaii, and American Samoa. Palmyra Atoll, an incorporated territory, lies southeast of Kingman Reef.
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Kingman Reef lies 382 nautical miles north of the equator. It is about 33 miles northwest of Palmyra Island and 925 miles south by west of Honolulu. It is a triangular, atoll-like reef and shoal about 9 ½ miles east and west by 5 miles north and south, of which all but the eastern end is now submerged.
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