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Calculate chemical reactions step-by-step with this free online tool. Enter the reactants and products, and get the balanced equation, the coefficients, and the types of reactions.
Single displacement reaction calculator. M 1 X M 2. Cs (1+) X (1-) Cs. Cs X + Cs = No Reaction. (Where X1- is a monovalent anion) A single replacement reaction (a.k.a single displacement reaction) will occur if M 1 (cation) is less reactive than M 2. The reactivity order corresponds to the reactivity series of the metals. Cite. Discuss.
Chemical Reaction Calculator. Calculator designed to balance chemical equations with results of: the balanced equation, word equation, and how it happened. Get the free "Chemical Reaction Calculator" widget for your website, blog, Wordpress, Blogger, or iGoogle.
May 19, 2024 · Use the calculator below to balance chemical equations and determine the type of reaction (instructions). Chemical Equation (H2O = H + O) Balance Equation . Instructions. To balance a chemical equation, enter an equation of a chemical reaction and press the Balance button. The balanced equation will appear above.
Learn what a single-replacement reaction is, how to balance it, and how to predict it using the activity series. Find examples of cation and anion replacement reactions in everyday life.
- Overview
- What is a single replacement reaction?
- Determining the products of single replacement reactions
- Predicting if a single replacement reaction will occur
- Example: Predicting the products of a single replacement reaction
- Summary
- Try it!
- GeneratedCaptionsTabForHeroSec
Definition of single replacement (or single displacement) reactions. Predicting and determining the products using the reactivity series.
A single replacement reaction, sometimes called a single displacement reaction, is a reaction in which one element is substituted for another element in a compound. The starting materials are always pure elements, such as a pure zinc metal or hydrogen gas, plus an aqueous compound. When a replacement reaction occurs, a new aqueous compound and a different pure element will be generated as products. The general pattern of a single replacement reaction is shown below.
AB(aq)+C→A+CB(aq)
↓ ↓
Pure elements!
We can see that A is replaced by C in compound AB to make a new compound CB and elemental A . Another thing you might notice is that A starts out as an ion in solution but appears in its elemental form on the product side. The reactant C does the opposite: it starts out in its elemental form on the reactant side, but it ends up as an ion in aqueous solution as part of the compound CB(aq) .
[What does this tell us?]
If we are trying to figure out whether a single displacement reaction will occur, there are two main questions we need to answer
1. What are the two elements that might swap places in our proposed reaction?
In general, elements that form anions can replace the anion in a compound, and elements that form cations can replace the cation in a compound. The following guidelines can be used to determine what kind of ions a given element might form.
•Metals will usually form cations. This includes groups 1 and 2, some of group 13 and 14 elements, and the transition metals.
•The common non-metals in single replacement reactions are the group 17 elements, which generally form anions with a 1- charge.
•Hydrogen usually forms the cation H+ in a single replacement reaction.
Once we know which elements might get swapped in our single displacement reaction, we can predict whether the reaction will occur based on knowledge of the relative reactivities of the two elements—elements C and A in the generic pattern above, or copper and silver in our example reaction. If element C is more reactive than element A , then C will replace A in a compound. If element C is less reactive than element A , then there will be no reaction.
The reactivity series—also called the activity series—ranks elements in order of their reactivity for certain types of reactions, including single replacement reactions. The more reactive elements will replace the less reactive elements in the reactivity series, but not the other way around. There are separate rankings for elements that form cations and elements that form anions.
For elements that tend to gain electrons to form anions, the order of reactivity from most reactive to least reactive goes as follows:
Most reactive F2>Cl2>Br2>I2 Least reactive
For these elements, you can also look at their arrangement on the periodic table—group 17—to remember the order of reactivity. The higher the element's position in the column, the more reactive it will be. Based on this activity series, we would predict that Br2 would replace I2 in a single replacement reaction, but Br2 would not react with a compound containing fluoride ions.
For the cation-forming elements, the reactivity series is longer, and the trends are not as straightforward. You can see an example of the reactivity series for cations below.
Let’s consider the following reaction:
AlPO4(aq)+Mg(s)→
The first question we might ask is what element Mg might be replacing in the compound AlPO4 . Al is a metal that usually forms cations with a charge of 3+. We can verify this because AlPO4 is neutral and phosphate has a 3- charge, so the aluminum cation must have a 3+ charge. Since Mg is also a metal that forms cations, we might expect Mg to replace the metal Al in our compound. If we check the cation reactivity series, we see that magnesium is more reactive than aluminum, so we predict the single replacement reaction will occur.
What products do we expect from this single replacement reaction? We expect to form elemental Al(s) and the new ionic compound Mg3(PO4)2 .
[How did we get that formula?]
That gives the following reaction:
Single replacement reactions have the overall form shown below
AB(aq)+C→A+CB(aq)
where one element is substituted for another element in a compound to generate a new element and a new compound. Other things to remember for single replacement reactions include:
1.Elements that are likely to form cations—usually metals or hydrogen gas—will replace the cation in a compound, and elements that are likely to form anions—usually group 17 halogens—will replace anions in a compound.
2.A higher ranked element in the activity series is more reactive in a single replacement reaction. We predict a single replacement reaction will occur when a less reactive element can be replaced by a more reactive element in a compound.
[Attributions and references]
Problem 1
What are the predicted products for the following single replacement reaction? NaBr(aq)+Cl2→ Choose 1 answer: Choose 1 answer: •(Choice A) NaCl2(aq) and Br •(Choice B) NaCl(aq) and Br2 •(Choice C) No reaction •(Choice D) ClBr(aq) and Na [Hint 1] [Hint 2] [Hint 3]
Problem 2
If we want to precipitate copper metal from an aqueous solution of CuSO4 , which of the following reactants should we add to our solution? Choose 1 answer: Choose 1 answer: •(Choice A) I2(s) •(Choice B) Ag(s) •(Choice C) Zn(s) •(Choice D) AgNO3(aq) [Hint 1] [Hint 2]
Learn the definition, examples and reactivity series of single replacement reactions, also called single displacement reactions. Find out how to predict and determine the products of these reactions using pure elements and aqueous compounds.
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Write correct formulas for the products in these single replacement reactions. 1) Al + Pb(NO 3) 2---> 2) Cl 2 + NaI ---> 3) Fe + AgC 2 H 3 O 2---> 4) Al + CuCl 2---> 5) Br 2 + CaI 2---> 6) Al + HCl ---> 7) Mg + HCl ---> 8) Zn + H 2 SO 4---> 9) Fe + CuSO 4---> 10) Cl 2 + MgI 2--->
