Search results
People also ask
What does motion picture Mean?
What is motion-picture technology?
What is motion-picture photography based on?
What is a motion-picture camera & projector?
Setting Photography in Motion. Photography became a part of public life in the mid-19th century, especially during the Civil War, when photographers documented American battlefields for the...
Definitions of motion-picture photography. noun. the act of making a film. synonyms: cinematography, filming. see more.
Oct 18, 2019 · Creating a film is both an art and a science—referred to as cinematography. Since the first motion picture was created in 1888, cinematography has greatly evolved. What was once silent and black and white is now digital, full color, and enhanced with sophisticated visual effects and scores of music.
- Overview
- History
motion-picture technology, the means for the production and showing of motion pictures. It includes not only the motion-picture camera and projector but also such technologies as those involved in recording sound, in editing both picture and sound, in creating special effects, and in producing animation.
Motion-picture technology is a curious blend of the old and the new. In one piece of equipment state-of-the-art digital electronics may be working in tandem with a mechanical system invented in 1895. Furthermore, the technology of motion pictures is based not only on the prior invention of still photography but also on a combination of several more or less independent technologies; that is, camera and projector design, film manufacture and processing, sound recording and reproduction, and lighting and light measurement.
Motion-picture photography is based on the phenomenon that the human brain will perceive an illusion of continuous movement from a succession of still images exposed at a rate above 15 frames per second. Although posed sequential pictures had been taken as early as 1860, successive photography of actual movement was not achieved until 1877, when Eadweard Muybridge used 12 equally spaced cameras to demonstrate that at some time all four hooves of a galloping horse left the ground at once. In 1877–78 an associate of Muybridge devised a system of magnetic releases to trigger an expanded battery of 24 cameras.
The Muybridge pictures were widely published in still form. They were also made up as strips for the popular parlour toy the zoetrope “wheel of life,” a rotating drum that induced an illusion of movement from drawn or painted pictures (see Figure 1). Meanwhile, Émile Reynaud in France was projecting sequences of drawn pictures onto a screen using his Praxinoscope, in which revolving mirrors and an oil-lamp “magic lantern” were applied to a zoetrope-like drum, and by 1880 Muybridge was similarly projecting enlarged, illuminated views of his motion photographs using the Zoöpraxiscope, an adaptation of the zoetrope.
Although a contemporary observer of Muybridge’s demonstration claimed to have seen “living, moving animals,” such devices lacked several essentials of true motion pictures. The first was a mechanism to enable sequence photographs to be taken within a single camera at regular, rapid intervals, and the second was a medium capable of storing images for more than the second or so of movement possible from drums, wheels, or disks.
Exclusive academic rate for students! Save 67% on Britannica Premium.
Learn More
A motion-picture camera must be able to advance the medium rapidly enough to permit at least 16 separate exposures per second as well as bring each frame to a full stop to record a sharp image. The principal technology that creates this intermittent movement is the Geneva watch movement, in which a four-slotted star wheel, or “Maltese cross,” converts the tension of the mainspring to the ticking of toothed gears. In 1882 Étienne-Jules Marey employed a similar “clockwork train” intermittent movement in a photographic “gun” used to “shoot” birds in flight. Twelve shots per second could be recorded onto a circular glass plate. Marey subsequently increased the frame rate, although for no more than about 30 images, and employed strips of sensitized paper (1887) and paper-backed celluloid (1889) instead of the fragile, bulky glass. The transparent material trade-named celluloid was first manufactured commercially in 1872. It was derived from collodion, that is, nitrocellulose (gun cotton) dissolved in alcohol and dried. John Carbutt manufactured the first commercially successful celluloid photographic film in 1888, but it was too stiff for convenient use. By 1889 the George Eastman company had developed a roll film of celluloid coated with photographic emulsion for use in its Kodak still camera. This sturdy, flexible medium could transport a rapid succession of numerous images and was eventually adapted for motion pictures.
Motion picture definition: a sequence of consecutive still images photographed in a series by a specially designed camera (motion-picture camera ) and thrown on a screen by a projector (motion-picture projector ) in such rapid succession as to give the illusion of natural movement.
Aug 27, 2023 · Photography is the art of fixing an image in durable form through either a chemical or digital process. It requires a detailed, scientific knowledge of how light reflects off the lived environment and how that light reacts to various light-sensitive media.
Define Cinematography. Cinematography is the art or technique of motion-picture photography. It involves capturing moving images on film or digital media to create a visual story. The word cinematography comes from the Greek words “kinema” meaning movement and “graphé” meaning writing or drawing.
