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North Sea Germanic, also known as Ingvaeonic ( / ˌɪŋviːˈɒnɪk / ING-vee-ON-ik ), [2] is a postulated grouping of the northern West Germanic languages that consists of Old Frisian, Old English, and Old Saxon, and their descendants.
- Anglo-Frisian languages - Wikipedia
Ingvaeonic, also known as North Sea Germanic, is a...
- North Sea Germanic - Simple English Wikipedia, the free ...
Elbe Germanic or Irminonic. East Germanic. North Sea...
- Anglo-Frisian languages - Wikipedia
The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Denmark, Norway, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium and France. An epeiric sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the Atlantic Ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian Sea in the north. It is more than 970 kilometres (600 mi) long and 580 kilometres (360 mi) wide ...
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The modern languages and their dialects in this group are: 1. East Scandinavian 1.1. Danish 1.1.1. Jutlandic dialect 1.1.1.1. North Jutlandic 1.1.1.2. East Jutlandic 1.1.1.3. West Jutlandic 1.1.1.4. South Jutlandic 1.1.2. Insular Danish 1.1.3. East Danish 1.2. Swedish 1.2.1. South Swedish dialects 1.2.1.1. Scanian 1.2.2. Göta dialects 1.2.3. Gotlan...
Distinction from East and West Germanic
The Germanic languages are traditionally divided into three groups: West, East and North Germanic. Their exact relation is difficult to determine from the sparse evidence of runic inscriptions, and they remained mutually intelligible to some degree during the Migration Period, so that some individual varieties are difficult to classify. Dialects with the features assigned to the northern group formed from the Proto-Germanic language in the late Pre-Roman Iron Age in Northern Europe. Eventuall...
Features shared with West Germanic
The North Germanic group is characterized by a number of phonological and morphological innovations shared with West Germanic: 1. The retraction of Proto-Germanic ē (/ɛː/, also written ǣ) to ā. 1.1. Proto-Germanic *jērą 'year' > Northwest Germanic *jārą, whence 1.1.1. North Germanic *āra > Old Norse ár, 1.1.2. West Germanic *jāra > Old High German jār, Old English ġēar [jæ͡ɑːr] vs. Gothic jēr. 2. The raising of [ɔː] to [oː] (and word-finally to [uː]). The original vowel remained when nasalise...
North Germanic features
Some innovations are not found in West and East Germanic, such as: 1. Sharpening of geminate /jj/ and /ww/ according to Holtzmann's law 1.1. Occurred also in East Germanic, but with a different outcome. 1.2. Proto-Germanic *twajjǫ̂ ("of two") > Old Norse tveggja, Gothic twaddjē, but > Old High German zweiio 1.3. Proto-Germanic *triwwiz ("faithful") > Old Norse tryggr, Gothic triggws, but > Old High German triuwi, German treu, Old English trīewe, English true. 2. Word-final devoicing of stop c...
The North Germanic languages are national languages in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, whereas the non-Germanic Finnish is spoken by the majority in Finland. In inter-Nordic contexts, texts are today often presented in three versions: Finnish, Icelandic, and one of the three languages Danish, Norwegian and Swedish. Another official la...
In historical linguistics, the North Germanic family tree is divided into two main branches, West Scandinavian languages (Norwegian, Faroese and Icelandic) and East Scandinavian languages (Danish and Swedish), along with various dialects and varieties. The two branches are derived from the western and eastern dialect groups of Old Norse respectivel...
Adams, Charles Kendall (1895). Johnson's Universal Cyclopedia: A New Edition. D. Appleton, A. J. Johnson.Jervelund, Anita (2007), Sådan Staver Vi.Kristiansen, Tore m.fl. (1996), Dansk Sproglære.Lucazin, M (2010), Utkast till ortografi över skånska språket med morfologi och ordlista. Första. revisionen (PDF), ISBN 978-91-977265-2-8, archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2011, retrie...Works related to Scandinavian languagesat WikisourceNoreen, Adolf (1886). "Scandinavian Languages" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. XXI (9th ed.). pp. 366–374.The North Sea has an extensive history of maritime commerce, resource extraction, and warfare among the people and nations on its coasts. Archaeological evidence shows the migration of people and technology between Continental Europe, the British Isles, and Scandinavia throughout prehistory. The earliest records of Roman explorations of the sea ...
Dutch (Low Franconian, West Germanic) Low German (West Germanic) Central German (High German, West Germanic) Upper German (High German, West Germanic) Anglic (Anglo-Frisian, West Germanic) Frisian (Anglo-Frisian, West Germanic) East Scandinavian. West Scandinavian. Line dividing the North and West Germanic languages.
Other articles where North Sea Germanic language is discussed: Germanic languages: The emergence of Germanic languages: …in southern Scandinavia, excluding Jutland; North Sea Germanic, along the North Sea and in Jutland; Rhine-Weser Germanic, along the middle Rhine and Weser; Elbe Germanic, along the middle Elbe; and East Germanic, between the middle Oder and the Vistula rivers.
