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      • Multilingualism—language diversity in society—is a perfect expression of human plurality. About 6,500–7,000 languages are spoken, written, and signed, throughout the linguistic landscape of the world, by people who communicate in more than one language.
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  2. Feb 21, 2024 · Adopting a mother language-based, multilingual education improves access to and inclusion in education, particularly for population groups that speak non-dominant, minority and indigenous languages. Studies have shown that such approaches can boost classroom participation, improve retention rates and encourage family and community involvement ...

  3. Nov 22, 2018 · The term multilingualism is used here to refer to the use of three and more languages and is distinguished, where. appropriate, from bilingualism, the use of two languages. In this...

    • Larissa Aronin
    • Understanding Multilingualism in Context. In a world in which people are increasingly mobile and ethnically self-aware, living with not just a single but multiple identities, questions concerning bilingualism and multilingualism take on increasing importance from both scholarly and pragmatic points of view.
    • Bilingualism as a Natural Global Phenomenon: Becoming Bilingual.
    • Describing Bilingualism. Unlike monolingualism, childhood bilingualism is not the only source and stage of acquiring two or more languages. Bilingualism is a lifelong process involving a host of factors (e.g., marriage, immigration, and education), different processes (e.g., input conditions, input types, input modalities and age), and yielding differential end results in terms of differential stages of fossilization and learning curve (U-shape or nonlinear curve during their grammar and interactional development).
    • The Bilingual Mind: Language Organization, Language Choices, and Verbal Behavior. Unlike monolinguals, a decision to speak multiple languages requires a complex unconscious process on the part of bilinguals.
  4. This textbook approaches multilingualism from a wide range of different perspectives, including sociolinguistic and acquisitional phenomena.

    • The Context of Migration in Western Developed Countries
    • The Context of Multilingualism in Low-Income Developing Countries
    • The Context of Additional Language Learning

    First generation migrant children with no initial competence in the host country language of instruction require three to five years before acquiring basic interpersonal competence skills (BICS), according to several studies. They need five to seven years before gaining cognitive academic language proficiency (CALP). BICS and CALP are terms origina...

    In this context, research shows that at primary school level, proficiency in home language literacy is a predictor of English literacy. The home language instruction medium in rural primary schools can lead to better academic performance, in comparison to using EMI. In a 2019 position paper, the British Council stated that primary school learners i...

    The EMI approach is less effective than using a home language instruction medium for ‘content’ learning at school level, according to several studies. EMI at secondary school level leads to improved proficiency in the English language, but there is evidence of a negative effect on humanities subjects. Encouraging multilingualism via Content and Lan...

  5. Jul 19, 2021 · It is important to note that we use the term ‘multilingual’ here in its broadest sense, to include learners who have knowledge of more than one language, regardless of their level of proficiency in their languages or how they were acquired; we include not only spoken languages, but also non-verbal forms of communication such as sign languages.

  6. Jun 30, 2023 · Elena Tikhonova. Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. References (43) Abstract. Introduction: The JLE editors explore multilingual perspectives in language learning, education, and society,...

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