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Jan 18, 2008 · European population genetic substructure was examined in a diverse set of >1,000 individuals of European descent, each genotyped with >300 K SNPs. Both STRUCTURE and principal component analyses (PCA) showed the largest division/principal component (PC) differentiated northern from southern European ancestry.
- Chao Tian, Robert M Plenge, Robert M Plenge, Michael Ransom, Annette Lee, Pablo Villoslada, Carlo Se...
- 10.1371/journal.pgen.0040004
- 2008
- PLoS Genet. 2008 Jan; 4(1): e4.
- What Does Pro Rata Mean?
- What Does Per Stirpes Mean?
- Pro Rata vs Per Stirpes - What’s The difference?
- Should I Use Pro Rata Or Per Stirpes in My Estate Plan?
Pro rata is a Latin term that means “proportionately.” You may have heard of the term “prorated” before, in which case can help explain its meaning. A pro rata calculation can be used in a variety of occasions, such as in business, estate planning, and other general finances. The term indicates that the individual’s payout or benefit should be prop...
Per stirpes is another Latin term that can be translated to “by branch.” It is an estate planning designation that describes how assets should be distributed in the case that a beneficiary passes away before you. In the event that one of your beneficiaries predeceases you, or before distributions from the estate are made, then their portion of the ...
pro rata vs. per stirpes: these two methods of estate plan distribution may sound similar at first, but can potentially result in dramatically different outcomes. These outcomes are most prominent in the event that one of your primary beneficiaries passes away before a distribution is made. In the case of pro rata, the inheritance is divided up equ...
pro rata vs. per stirpes: which is better, and which one should you include in your estate plan? Each option has its advantages and disadvantages, and there is no clear winner. Both rules provide a clear, set pathway for what should happen to your property in case one of your beneficiaries should predecease you. They also help simplify your estate ...
Nov 30, 2021 · Per stirpes is a method of distributing a deceased beneficiary's inheritance by dividing it into shares for their direct descendants (like a surviving child). In some states, the concept of per stirpes may more commonly be known as “right of representation.”
Mar 6, 2023 · What Does Per Stirpes Mean? Per stirpes is a way to include your grandchildren as beneficiaries on your retirement account. The legal term demonstrates a lineal distribution process should the primary beneficiary pass away before the testator.
Oct 10, 2008 · In this brief review, we have highlighted the importance and potential value of examining and applying population genetic structure and substructure in studies of complex genetic disease. This applies to both candidate gene studies as well as GWA studies.
In the current study using over 4,000 subjects genotyped for 300,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we provide further insight into relationships among European population groups and identify sets of SNP ancestry informative markers (AIMs) for application in genetic studies.
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Objective: To evaluate the relevance and necessity to account for the effects of population substructure on association studies under a case-control design in central Europe, we analysed three samples drawn from different geographic areas of Germany.
