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- Idealism, plus hope in the perfectibility of institutions, spurred a new generation of leaders including Francis Lieber, Samuel Gridley Howe and the peerless Dix. Their goals were prison libraries, basic literacy (for Bible reading), reduction of whipping and beating, commutation of sentences, and separation of women, children and the sick.
During the time of prison and asylum reform, juvenile detention centers like the House of Refuge in New York were built to reform children of delinquent behavior. After the War of 1812, reformers from Boston and New York began a crusade to remove children from jails into juvenile detention centers.
Jul 3, 2015 · Lieber argued that the state had a moral duty to punish its citizens with the prison, and an obligation to manage the risks of democracy through the prison's principles of scientific certainty, less eligibility, and disciplinary solitude.
- Sara M. Benson
- 2015
Preserving institutional liberty and the Union led Lieber to a full-throated defense of the United States as an organic nation-state capable of squashing secession and advancing civilization and freedom through constitutional reform and international law. Francis Lieber (1800–1872), professor at South Carolina College and Columbia College ...
- Brian Schoen
- 2020
In his Code for the Government of Armies, drafted for the Union Army during the U.S. Civil War, Lieber recognized the need for a systematic, institutionalized code of behaviour to mitigate the devastation of war, protect civilians, and regulate the treatment of prisoners of war.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Jul 3, 2015 · Lieber argued that the state had a moral duty to punish its citizens with the prison, and an obligation to manage the risks of democracy through the prison's principles of scientific certainty, less eligibility, and disciplinary solitude.
Reconstruction, including plans for codification of international law, and Lieber's service with the United States-Mexican Claims Commission. European politics, particularly in German states and France as reflected in Lieber's correspondence with Mittermaier, Tocquiville, and others.
From 1870 until his death in New York City, aged 72, Francis Lieber served as a diplomatic negotiator between the United States and Mexico. He was chosen, with the united approval of the United States and Mexico, as final arbitrator in important cases pending between the two countries.
