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Qutuz led the Mu'izi Mamluks who had arrested Aybak's widow Shajar al-Durr and installed al-Mansur Ali as the new sultan of Egypt. In November 1257 and April 1258, he defeated raids from the forces of al-Malik al-Mughith [a] of Al-Karak which were supported by the Bahriyya Mamluks .
Continuing the westward expansion of the Mongol Empire, the armies of Hulagu Khan captured and sacked Baghdad in 1258, along with the Ayyubid capital of Damascus sometime later. Hulagu sent envoys to Cairo demanding Qutuz surrender Egypt, to which Qutuz responded by killing the envoys and displaying their heads on the Bab Zuweila gate of Cairo.
The Mongols then sent an envoy to Cairo in 1260 to demand the submission of al-Muẓaffar Sayf al-Dīn Quṭuz, the Mamlūk sultan, whose reply was the execution of the envoy. The two powers then prepared for battle.
In 1206, the young Mongol leader Temujin was declared the ruler of all the Mongols; he took the name Genghis Khan (or Chinguz Khan). By the time he died in 1227, Genghis Khan controlled Central Asia from the Pacific coast of Siberia to the Caspian Sea in the west.
Dec 15, 2020 · The history-defining battle. On September 3rd, 1260, the two sides numbering 20,000 men each met in battle in Ain Jalut. The Mongols were the first to strike. The Mamluks had a clear advantage...
Years earlier the Mongols had been led by a ruthless general, the famed Genghis Khan, who had begun invading Turkish territories as early as 1219. For Louis, the chief attraction of the largely pagan Mongols was that they were not Muslims; instead, they worshiped many gods.
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May 14, 2016 · They swept through Asia and into Europe, conquering Russia and shattering resistance wherever they encountered it. Led by the grandsons of the great Genghis Khan, they combined tactical ingenuity with sheer strength of numbers.
