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Jun 9, 2013 · It provides definitions and discusses the stages of first language acquisition including cooing, babbling, one-word stage, two-word stage and telegraphic speech. It also discusses the acquisition process involving learning through imitation, correction, developing morphology, syntax and semantics.
- Language Acquisition
It discusses key topics including language acquisition...
- Stages of second language acquisition
The document outlines 5 stages of second language...
- Language Acquisition
- 01:615:201 Introduction to Linguistic Theory
- Language Acquisition
- What’s Learned, What’s Not?
- Stages in Language Acquisition
- The Perception and Production of Speech Sounds
- First Words
- Segmenting the Speech Stream
- The Acquisition of Phonology
- The Acquisition of Morphology
- The Acquisition of Syntax
- The Acquisition of Pragmatics
- The Development of Auxiliaries: A Case Study
- Setting Parameters
- Parameters
- The Acquisition of Signed Languages
- The Role of Imitation, Reinforcement, and Analogy
- The Role of Imitation, Reinforcement, and Analogy
- The Role of Structured Input
- motherese, child-directed speech (CDS), or baby talk
- • Bilingual language acquisition, simultaneous bilingualism
- Theories of Bilingual Development
- The Role of Input & Cognitive Effects of Bilingualism
- Heritage Language Learners
Adam Szczegielniak Copyright in part: Cengage learning
Language is extremely complex, yet children already know most of the grammar of their native language(s) before they are five years old Children acquire language without being taught the rules of grammar by their parents In part because parents don’t consciously know the many of the rules of grammar
The innateness hypothesis asserts that children do not need to learn universal principles like structure dependency because that is part of UG They only have to learn the language-specific aspects of grammar The innateness hypothesis provides an answer to Chomsky’s question: What accounts for the ease, rapidity, and uniformity of language acquisiti...
Children acquire language in similar stages across the world When children are acquiring language, they do not speak a degenerate form of adult language Rather, they speak a version of the language that conforms to the set of grammatical rules they have developed at that stage of acquisition
Infants display an ability to discriminate and recognize speech sounds They will even respond to linguistic contrasts when those contrasts are not present in the language(s) spoken around them They can perceive differences in voicing, place of articulation, manner of articulation But they do not react to nonlinguistic aspects of speech (loudness, g...
After the age of one, children figure out that sounds are related to meanings and start to produce their first words Usually children go through a holophrastic stage, where their one-word utterances may convey more meaning up used to indicate something in the sky or to mean “pick me up” This suggests that children know more language than they can...
A major obstacle that babies must overcome is to be able to identify where word boundaries are English-speaking children may be able to use stress as a cue for word boundaries (prosodic bootstrapping) Every content word in English has stress If a word has two syllables, the stress either falls on the first syllable (trochaic stress) or the second s...
Children tend to acquire the sounds common to all languages first, followed by the less common sounds of their own language Vowels tend to be acquired first, and consonants are ordered: Manner of articulation: nasals, glides, stops, liquids, fricatives, affricates Place of articulation: labials, velars, alveolars, palatals Uncommon but high frequen...
The acquisition of morphology clearly demonstrates the rule-governed nature of language acquisition Children typically learn a morphological rule and then overgeneralize Children go through three stages in the acquisition of an irregular form: In phase 1 they use the standard irregular past tense forms because they have learned these irregulars a...
At about two years of age, children start to put words together to form two-word utterances The intonation contour extends over the two words as unit, and the two-word utterances can convey a range of meanings: mommy sock = subject + object or possessive Chronological age is not a good measure of linguistic development due to individual differences...
Deixis: Children often have problems with the shifting reference of pronouns Children may refer to themselves as ‘you’ Problems with the context-dependent nature of deictic words Children often assume the hearer knows who she is talking about
In the telegraphic stage children often omit auxiliaries from their speech but can form questions (with rising intonation) and negative sentences I ride train? I not like this book As children acquire auxiliaries in questions and negative sentences, they generally use them correctly The child always places the negation in the correct position in ...
Children acquire the parameters of UG very early The child listens to the language around her and then chooses between the options provided to her by UG Does this language have the head or the complement come first? Are VPs in this language ordered VO or OV? Does this language allow verb movement? Parameters greatly reduce the difficulty of acquiri...
• Xʹ′ theory says structures are all built hierarchically like this—but different languages can choose different orders.
Deaf babies acquire sign language in the same way that hearing babies acquire spoken language: babbling, holophrastic stage, telegraphic stage When deaf babies are not exposed to sign language, they will create their own signs, complete with systematic rules This demonstrates the drive humans have to communicate, and also the innate basis for lan...
Children do imitate the speech heard around them to a certain extent, but language acquisition goes beyond imitation Children produce utterances that they never hear from adults around them, such as holded or tooths Children cannot imitate adults fully while acquiring grammar Adult: Where can I put them? Child: Where I can put them? Children who de...
Another theory asserts that children hear a sentence and then use it as a model to form other sentences by analogy But while analogy may work in some situations, but certainly not in all situations: I painted a red barn. I painted a barn red. I saw a red barn. *I saw a barn red. Children never make mistakes of this kind based on analogy which shows...
• It has also been suggested that children are able to learn language because adults speak to them in a simplified version of language known as
But, motherese is not syntactically simple and does not drop verb inflections or omit function words In many cultures adults do not engage in motherese, yet children in those cultures acquire language in the same way as children who are exposed to motherese
acquisition of two languages simultaneously from infancy or refers to the About half the people in the world are bilingual or multilingual In many parts of the world, bilingualism (or multilingualism) is the norm
Unitary system hypothesis: the idea that the child initially constructs only one lexicon and one grammar Evidence for: language mixing similar to codeswitching; lexical items existing in only one language Evidence against: there is a lot of overlap in the lexicon for each language, and children may have gaps because each language is used in differe...
It’s unclear how much input in each language a child needs to become bilingual Une personne-une langue (one person, one language) is the strategy where one parent speaks only language A to the child and the other speaks only language B Bilingual children tend to have better metalinguistic awareness than monolingual speakers, meaning they have more ...
Heritage language learners constitute a unique type of adult language learner Someone who was raised with a strong cultural connection to a language and who then chooses to study that language more formally May have no prior linguistic knowledge of the language May be bilingual
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This section contains PDFs of the slides Prof. Athulya Aravind used in teaching 24.949 Language Acquisition I.
Oct 10, 2009 · It discusses key topics including language acquisition theories like behaviorism, innateness, cognition, and input theory. The document outlines typical stages of language acquisition from babbling to telegraphic speech. It also covers bilingualism, second language acquisition, and how sign language is acquired similarly to spoken language.
Apr 5, 2019 · Introduction • Language acquisition is the process by which the language capability _________ in a human. • First language acquisition concerns the development of language in _________ , while second language acquisition focuses on language development in _________ as well.
- Mikasi
Oct 20, 2014 · Theories about how children aquire language: • Imitation • Correction & Reinforcement (behaviorist) • Analogy • Connectionism (behavior, analogy, & reinforcement) • Structured Input • Innateness Hypothesis. First Language Acquisition Stages. Second Language Acquisition Stages.
Nov 1, 2015 · The document outlines 5 stages of second language acquisition: 1) Pre-production stage where students are silent and may only repeat words but not produce original language. 2) Early production stage where students' vocabulary grows to 1000 words and they can speak in one-two word phrases.
