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  1. May 9, 2024 · Augustus II (born May 12, 1670, Dresden, Saxony [Germany]—died February 1, 1733, Warsaw, Poland) was the king of Poland and elector of Saxony (as Frederick Augustus I). Though he regained Poland’s former provinces of Podolia and Ukraine, his reign marked the beginning of Poland’s decline as a European power.

    • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
  2. The dual kingship system in Sparta was a remarkably resilient institution, lasting for several centuries. However, the political tides of the ancient world were ever-changing, and by the time of the Roman conquest of Greece, the power of the Spartan kings had significantly waned.

  3. For most of its history, the ancient Greek city-state of Sparta in the Peloponnese was ruled by kings. Sparta was unusual among the Greek city-states in that it maintained its kingship past the Archaic age. It was even more unusual in that it had two kings simultaneously, who were called the archagetai, coming from two separate lines.

  4. Aug 7, 2019 · Updated on August 07, 2019. The ancient Greek city of Sparta was ruled by two kings, one from each of the two founding families, Agaidai and Eurypontidae. Spartan kings inherited their roles, a job filled by the leader of each family. Although not much is known about the kings — note how few of the kings listed below even have regnal dates ...

  5. October 2021. Illustration by Tracy Walker. King Agesilaus II—who led the Spartan Army at the peak of its power in the fourth century B.C.—proclaimed that one of Sparta’s greatest strengths was...

    • Ted Scheinman
  6. Agesilaus II was the king of Sparta from 399 to 360 who commanded the Spartan army throughout most of the period of Spartan supremacy (404–371) in Greece. An excellent military tactician, he is usually cited as the embodiment of the aggressive Spartan spirit that sought to further Spartan interests.

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  8. Definition. Agesilaus II (c. 445 – 359 BCE) was a Spartan king who won victories in Anatolia and the Corinthian Wars but who would ultimately bring total defeat to his city through his policies against Thebes. When Sparta lost the crucial battle of Leuctra in 371 BCE, it brought an end to the city's long-held dominance of the Peloponnese.

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