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- Al-Afdal Muhammad (Arabic: الأفضل محمد) was the last Ayyubid Kurdish governor of Hama, in central Syria, reigning from 1332 to 1341. He was the son and successor of Abu'l-Fida, and a descendant of Saladin 's brother Nur al-Din Shahanshah.
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Al-Afdal ibn Salah ad-Din ( Arabic: الأفضل بن صلاح الدين, "most superior"; c. 1169 – 1225, generally known as Al-Afdal ( الأفضل ), was one of seventeen sons of Saladin, Sultan of Egypt and Syria, and thus of Kurdish descent. He succeeded his father as the second Ayyubid emir of Damascus.
The period following the death of Saladin (589/1193) was a formative one in the history of the Ayyūbid empire. It saw the eventual establishment of Saladin's younger brother Sayf al-Dīn al-Malik al-ʿĀdil as the acknowledged sovereign of the various territories ruled by members of the Ayyūbid family, overturning the succession arrangements that Saladin had put into place; and it ...
- Gerald Hawting
- 2016
4According to al-Maqrlzî, already in 580/1184 Saladin had provided for al-Afdal to become the ruler of Damascus with his uncle Sayfal-DIn al-'Ädil as his guardian (bi-kafilat 'ammihi), but those provision were not put into effect: Al-Maqrîzï, Kitâb al-Sulük li-ma'rifat duwal al-mulük, (ed.) Muhammad Mustafa Ziyäda, vol. 1, part 1,
Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub (c. 1137 – 4 March 1193), commonly known as Saladin, was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty. Hailing from a Kurdish family, he was the first sultan of both Egypt and Syria. An important figure of the Third Crusade, he spearheaded the Muslim military effort against the Crusader states in the Levant.
Al-Afdal Muhammad (Arabic: الأفضل محمد) was the last Ayyubid Kurdish governor of Hama, in central Syria, reigning from 1332 to 1341. He was the son and successor of Abu'l-Fida , and a descendant of Saladin 's brother Nur al-Din Shahanshah .
An arrangement was made where al-Adil was to administer Aleppo in the name of Saladin’s son al-Afdal, while Egypt was given to Taqi al-Din Umar who would hold it in the name of Saladin’s other son Uthman.
After the death of Saladin, his sons contested control over the empire, but Saladin's brother al-Adil eventually established himself as sultan in 1200. In the 1230s, the Ayyubid rulers of Syria attempted to assert their independence from Egypt and remained divided until Egyptian sultan as-Salih Ayyub restored Ayyubid unity by taking over most ...
