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Jan 6, 2022 · These studies were key to the development of genetically modified potatoes with reduced acrylamide. The first generation Innate® potatoes were developed from cv. Russet Burbank by reducing Asn1 expression through RNAi, using tuber-specific expression promoters.
- Figure 3
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the third most important...
- Table 2
Innate® 1.0: Reduced acrylamide formation and black spot...
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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the third most important...
- Figure 3
Dec 19, 2018 · Potatoes contain a variety of essential vitamins and minerals (Table 2) most notably vitamins C and B6 and the minerals potassium, magnesium, and iron. A medium (5.2 oz) potato provides 27 mg of vitamin C, qualifying it as an “excellent source” of vitamin C per FDA guidelines.
- Katherine A. Beals
- katherine.beals@hsc.utah.edu
- 2019
- What Are Vitamins?
- Vitamin Classifications
- Vitamin A
- Functions
- Metabolism
- Toxicity
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin E
- Deficiency
- Vitamin K
Vitamins are a group of chemically unrelated organic molecules that are needed in minute amounts for different physiological functions. The name “vitamin” originated from the term vital amine and refers to a group of compounds having specific roles in metabolism. Vitamins, although organic compounds, do not provide energy like other macronutrients ...
1. Fat soluble (e.g., vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K) 2. Water soluble (e.g., B complex group and vitamin C)
This vitamin was discovered by M. Mori in 1922 as a “fat-soluble factor” present in butter and fish oil, and he named it A. The general term vitamin A includes several related compounds called retinol (alcohol), retinal (aldehyde), and retinoic acid (acid form; figure 13.1). Of these three molecules, retinol is the biologically active form of vitam...
In the body, vitamin A plays a role in several distinct functions, including vision, bone growth, reproduction, and maintenance of epithelial cells, which cover the body surface (e.g., skin) and mucous membranes of body cavities (e.g., respiratory, urogenital, digestive tract). The role of vitamin A in night vision is well established. In the rods ...
Vitamin A in the diet is digested and absorbed along with fat. In the diet, vitamin A is present as esters, is hydrolyzed by pancreatic lipase, and is incorporated into lipid micelles. Upon reaching the microvilli, they are transferred to mucosal cells, where they are reesterified and are incorporated into the chylomicrons and transported to the ly...
As a fat-soluble vitamin, long-term consumption of vitamin A may lead to toxic symptoms. However, symptoms will vary with species, age, and physiological condition. Skeletal abnormalities and thickening of the skin are reported with hypervitaminosis.
Vitamin D includes a group sterol compound that regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body. Vitamin D is formed by the irradiation of sterols in plants and in the skin of animals and can be called a “sunshine” vitamin. The two major forms of vitamin D are ergocalciferol (vitamin D2, activated plant form) and cholecalciferol (D3, activa...
Vitamin E is a term that is used to describe a group of chemically related compounds called tocopherols and tocotrienols. Among the different isomers, α-tocopherol is the most active biological form of vitamin E and is the one that is added to animal diets (Figure 13.3). Other isomers with less biological effects include β-, γ-, δ-tocopherol and α-...
Vitamin E deficiency can produce white muscle disease, exudative diathesis, and encephalomalacia. White muscle disease is caused by the degeneration of skeletal and heart muscle fiber, which leads to rapid death due to heart failure. Exudative diathesis in chickens is caused by leaky capillaries in the breast muscle. Treatment with either vitamin E...
Vitamin K includes a group of compounds called the quinones. Vitamin K1 is found in green plants (phylloquinones) and vitamin K2 (menaquinones) is synthesized by hindgut bacteria. Vitamin K’s are absorbed readily with fat in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The liver converts vitamin K1 and K3 to K2 before it is used. The metabolically active form ...
Sep 11, 2015 · The Innate™ potato achieves these beneficial results through the insertion of a DNA sequence (native to potatoes) into the genome of the potato that silences genes involved in the expression of black spot bruises, asparagine accumulation and senescence sweetening.
A genetically modified potato is a potato that has had its genes modified, using genetic engineering. Goals of modification include introducing pest resistance , tweaking the amounts of certain chemicals produced by the plant, and to prevent browning or bruising of the tubers.
2.7 Vitamins. Potatoes are a good source of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and pyridoxine (vitamin B 6). Vitamin C as an antioxidant plays an important role in protection against oxidative stress.
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Potatoes contribute key nutrients to the diet including vitamin C, potassium, and dietary fiber (McGill et al. 2013). In fact, potatoes have a more favorable overall nutrient-to-price ratio than many other vegetables and are an important staple worldwide (Drewnowski 2013, IPC 2016, UN 2008).
