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Pope Julius II (Latin: Iulius II; Italian: Giulio II; born Giuliano della Rovere; 5 December 1443 – 21 February 1513) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1503 to his death, in February 1513.
- Pope Martin V
- Pope Eugene IV
- Pope Nicholas V
- Pope Callixtus III
- Pope Pius II
- Pope Paul II
- Pope Sixtus IV
- Pope Innocent VIII
- Pope Alexander Vi
- Pope Pius III
The ‘Great Schism of 1378’ left the Church in a crisis and divided for 40 years. The election of Martin V as the sole Pope in Rome effectively ended this turmoil and reestablished the papacy in Rome. Martin V laid the foundation for Roman Renaissance by engaging some famous masters of the Tuscan school to restore dilapidated churches, palaces, brid...
Eugene IV’s tenure was marked by conflict – first with the Colonnas, relatives of his predecessor Martin V, and then with the Concillar movement. He tried unsuccessfully to reunite the Roman Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox Churches, and faced crushing defeat after preaching a crusade against the advance of the Turks. He also allowed Prince Henry ...
Nicholas V was a key influential figure in the Renaissance, rebuilding churches, restoring aqueducts and public works. He was also the patron of many scholars and artists – among them the great Florentine painter Fra Angelico (1387–1455). He ordered design plans for what would eventually be St Peter’s Basilica. His reign saw the fall of Constantino...
A member of the powerful Borgia family, Callixtus III made a heroic yet unsuccessful crusade to recover Constantinople from the Turks.
A passionate humanist, Pius II was famed for his literary gifts. His I commentarii(‘Commentaries’) is the only revealed autobiography ever to have been written by a reigning pope. His papacy was characterised by a failed attempt to mount a crusade against the Turks. He even urged the Sultan Mehmed II to reject Islam and accept Christianity.
The pontificate of Paul II was marked by pageantry, carnivals and colourful races. He spent huge sums amassing a collection of art and antiquities, and built the magnificent Palazzo di Venezia in Rome.
Under Sixtus IV’s reign, Rome was transformed from a medieval to a fully Renaissance city. He commissioned great artists including Sandro Botticelli and Antonio del Pollaiuolo, and was responsible for the construction of the Sistine Chapel and the creation of the Vatican Archives. Sixtus IV aided the Spanish Inquisition and was personally involved ...
Generally regarded as a man of low morals, Innocent VIII’s political manoeuvres were unscrupulous. He deposed King Ferdinand of Naples in 1489, and depleted the papal treasury by waging wars with several Italian states.
A member of the prominent Borgia family, Alexander VI was one of the most controversial Renaissance popes. Corrupt, worldly and ambitious, he used his position to ensure that his children – who included Cesare, Gioffre and Lucrezia Borgia – would be well provided for. During his reign, his surname Borgiabecoming a byword for libertinism and nepotis...
The nephew of Pope Pius II, Pius III had one of the shortest pontificates in papal history. He died less than a month after beginning his papacy, possibly of poison.
Pope Sixtus IV (Italian: Sisto IV; born Francesco della Rovere; 21 July 1414 – 12 August 1484) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 9 August 1471 to his death, in August 1484.
Julius II (born Dec. 5, 1443, Albisola, Republic of Genoa—died Feb. 21, 1513, Rome) was the greatest art patron of the papal line (reigned 1503–13) and one of the most powerful rulers of his age.
- Hans Kühner
Pope Julius II (reigned 1503–1513), commissioned a series of highly influential art and architecture projects in the Vatican. The painting of the Sistine Chapel ceiling by Michelangelo and of various rooms by Raphael in the Apostolic Palace are considered among the masterworks that mark the High Renaissance in Rome.
Apr 9, 2024 · Sixtus IV (born July 21, 1414, Cella Ligure, near Savona, Republic of Genoa—died Aug. 12, 1484, Rome) was the pope from 1471 to 1484 who effectively made the papacy an Italian principality. Becoming a Franciscan, he subsequently taught and was chosen minister general of his order in 1464.
Jul 29, 2020 · Pope Julius IV born as Claudio Atillio Ciano; (born December 17, 1936, aged 77) is the 265th Pope of the Fabrian Catholic Church, a position also holding the roles of Sovereign of the Ecclesiastical State and the Bishop of Fabria.
