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I always figured Hammer, who headed the international oil company, was some kind of a Soviet spy. It was an improbable theory. Hammer was the leading light of the stuffy conservative...
After the Lusk Committee supported the police raid of the Soviet Russian Government Bureau on June 12, 1919, Ludwig Martens escaped and went underground, often hiding at Hammer's home. [14] [15] On December 18, 1920, Martens was deported; he was returned to Soviet Russia in January 1921.
Armand Hammer (1898 – 1990), the famous American businessman, was well acquainted with Soviet leaders from Lenin to Gorbachev, and despite the antagonism between the U.S. and the USSR he...
Nov 11, 1996 · armand hammer: tinker, traitor, satyr, spy a scathing new biography paints the globetrotting founder of occidental petroleum as a blatant opportunist, a womanizer--and perhaps even a soviet...
Nov 29, 1981 · With Julius Hammer in prison and Martens back in the Soviet Union, Armand Hammer had little choice but to take over the business.
May 18, 2018 · HAMMER, Armand. ( b. 21 May 1898 in New York City; d. 10 December 1990 in Los Angeles, California), controversial twentieth-century industrialist, art collector, and philanthropist with business and family ties to Soviet Russia, who, during the 1960s, rescued Occidental Petroleum Company from the brink of financial ruin.
Dec 12, 1990 · Armand Hammer, the chairman of the Occidental Petroleum Corporation who long sought peace between the United States and the Soviet Union and financed research for a cancer cure, died at his...
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