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1. • • Many fungi are able to induce their own exocytosis after they have been taken up by macrophages. The formation of hyphae by Candida albicans is induced within phagosomes and this activates a modified form of programmed cell death known as pyroptosis.
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     Interactions of fungal pathogens with phagocytes | Nature ...

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   Do fungi have hyphae?

   • Several fungal species exhibit hyphae composed of chord-like structures, termed mycelial chords, which are used by fungi (e.g., lichens and mushrooms) to transport nutrients across great distances. Hyphae Classification

   Hyphae - Definition, Function and Structure | Biology Dictionary

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   Can macrophages fold fungal hyphae?

   • Our demonstration that macrophages can fold fungal hyphae suggests that they are able to exert physical force upon internalized targets, postphagocytosis. This folding appears to be a general phenomenon executed by a range of phagocytic cell types and on evolutionarily diverse fungal targets.

   Immune cells fold and damage fungal hyphae | PNAS

   www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2020484118

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   How do hyphae grow in fungus?

   • In some, hyphae grow mainly as intracellular coils inside the host’s root cells, while in others extensive intercellular hyphae give rise to finely branched intracellular arbuscules that provide an interface for developmental and metabolic interactions between host and fungus ( Figure 7.2b ).

   Fungus Hyphae - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

   www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/fungus-hyphae

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   How do extraradical hyphae affect plant and fungus growth?

   • Soil minerals accumulated by the extraradical hyphae are partitioned between the fungus and the plant. Figure 7.5. The effect of AMF species-richness on plant and fungal growth. Sets of replicate trays of sterilised soil, placed out of doors in a field site, were inoculated with soil containing 1, 2, 4, 8, or 14 different strains of species of AMF.

   Fungus Hyphae - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

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3. www.pnas.org › doi › 10Immune cells fold and damage fungal hyphae | PNAS

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   Apr 5, 2021 · The folding of fungal hyphae is promoted by Dectin-1, β2-integrin, VASP, actin–myosin polymerization, and cell motility. Folding facilitates the complete engulfment of long hyphae in some cases and it inhibits hyphal growth, presumably tipping the balance toward successful fungal clearance.

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     Innate immune cells such as macrophages recognize fungal...

4. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › pmc › articlesHyphal Growth in Human Fungal Pathogens and Its Role in ...

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   Nov 9, 2011 · Hyphae in mature biofilms show a strong propensity to invade the underlying substrate, even when there is little nutrient value (Figure 2(a)). In the mucosa, intercalation of hyphae disrupts the epithelial layer, which activates a localised inflammatory response.

   • Author: Alexandra Brand
   • DOI: 10.1155/2012/517529

   • Publish Year: 2012
   • Publication: Int J Microbiol. 2012; 2012: 517529.

5. www.sciencedirect.com › fungus-hyphaeFungus Hyphae - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

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   Not only do fungi take up soluble soil phosphate more efficiently than unaided roots, they can also dissolve poorly-soluble phosphate esters present in acid soils, as well as dissolving phosphate from rock minerals (Chapter 5, p.181). Phosphate taken up by extraradical hyphae is accumulated as polyphosphate, in which form it is translocated in ...

6. www.nature.com › articles › nrmicroInteractions of fungal pathogens with phagocytes | Nature ...

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   Feb 8, 2016 · Certain fungal species escape immune capture by generating cell types, such as Titan cells, elongated tubular hyphae or sporulating structures, known as spherules, that are too large to be...

   • Author: Lars P. Erwig, Lars P. Erwig, Neil A. R. Gow

   • Publish Year: 2016

7. www.sciencedirect.com › science › articlehow the immune system deals with fungal hyphae - ScienceDirect

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   Oct 1, 2018 · Several options are imaginable to allow a successful attack on hyphae: by molecules that (1) damage the integrity of the cell wall or the cytoplasmic membrane, (2) that enter hyphae and deploy their toxic activity in the cytoplasm, (3) that manipulate fungal signaling pathways and thereby harm the pathogen or (4) that deplete essential ...

   • Author: Jürgen Löffler, Frank Ebel

   • Publish Year: 2017

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9. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › pmc › articlesFungal Strategies to Evade the Host Immune Recognition - PMC

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   Sep 23, 2017 · Phagocytes are very efficient at recognizing fungi, mainly via interaction with the wall, which is composed of molecules that are not synthesized by the host and, therefore, are sensed as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by different pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) [ 2 ].

10. biologydictionary.net › hyphaeHyphae - Definition, Function and Structure | Biology Dictionary

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    Jan 21, 2018 · Nutrient Absorption from a Host. Some hyphae of parasitic fungi are specialized for nutrient absorption within a specific host. These hyphae have specialized tips called haustoria, which penetrate the cell walls of plants or tissues of other organisms in order to obtain nutrients. Nutrient Absorption from Soil.