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Francesco Borgongini-Duca. Paolo Boselli. Benito Mussolini. Pius XI. Lateran Treaty, treaty (effective June 7, 1929, to June 3, 1985) between Italy and the Vatican. It was signed by Benito Mussolini for the Italian government and by cardinal secretary of state Pietro Gasparri for the papacy and confirmed by the Italian constitution of 1948.
As governed by the Holy See, Vatican City State is an ecclesiastical or sacerdotal - monarchical state ruled by the Pope, who is the bishop of Rome and head of the Catholic Church. [6] [22] The highest state functionaries are all Catholic clergy of various origins.
Apr 18, 2023 · Pope Sixtus IV and his chapel. When the Sistine Chapel was inaugurated in 1483, Michelangelo Buonarroti was only 8 years old. Francesco della Rovere was elected pope in 1471. He took the name Sixtus IV. Pope Sixtus IV was known for many things including rebuilding the Cappella Magna, which had become decrepit.
803 "You are a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, God's own people" (⇒ 1 Pet 2:9). 804 One enters into the People of God by faith and Baptism. "All men are called to belong to the new People of God" (LG 13), so that, in Christ, "men may form one family and one People of God" (AG 1). 805 The Church is the Body of Christ.
Apr 17, 2017 · At one time, the Vatican was not just a holy city but the capital of a powerful state. Walls and fortifications were built to dissuade would-be invaders, and the Vatican employed its own army. The Pope owned most of central Italy, the Papal States , and over the centuries the Vatican became extremely wealthy.
The article presents interventions by certain expert-consultants (periti) just before and during Vatican II's opening weeks in 1962. Discovering mediocrity in passages of the prepared schemas on God's revelation, Joseph Ratzinger, Pieter Smulders, Karl Rahner, and Jean Daniélou formulated criticisms and framed alternatives that this article reviews.
Nov 15, 2018 · Vatican. 1550s, from Latin mons Vaticanus, Roman hill on which Papal palace stands.By Klein's sources said to be an Etruscan loan-word and unrelated to vates "soothsayer, prophet, seer" (see vates), but most others seem to think it is related, on the notion of "hill of prophecy" (compare vaticinatio "a foretelling, soothsaying, prophesying," vaticinari "to foretell").
