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1. Top results related to what are the precursors of computer graphics programs list

   • What are the consequences of accessing the same database from different programs at the same time?

     Top Answer

     Answered Jul 02, 2014 · 4 votes

     MySQL works on an ACID basis: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACID

     Which means, both clients will be reading the database as if they were the only clients.

     For this to happen each client must start a transaction, which is a single logical unit of work. Within this transaction either all the operations done to the database must be committed or rolled back.

     Different RDBMSs have different defaults for their transaction support. For MySQL, the isolation level is REPEATABLE READ, which means that SELECT statements within the same transaction are consistent with respect to each other.

     How you can verify this:

     Have program1 going start a transaction and through every row and increasing a value, while the other program starts a transaction and goes through the database calculating the sum of the same value for all rows. When they are done, they close their transactions and print out the results. You will notice that both of them read the database as if they were isolated from each other.

     There are whole books written about JDBC. Here are some links that can get you started:

     JDBC Tutorial: http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/jdbc/

     MySQL: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/innodb-consistent-read.html

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   • What are the benefits / drawbacks of a list of lists compared to a numpy array of OBJECTS with regards to MEMORY?

     Top Answer

     Answered Nov 07, 2014 · 8 votes

     I'm going to answer your primary question, and leave the others (performance of transpose, etc.) out. So:

     I'm trying to understand the memory and other overhead implications that using numpy lists would have … Just to clarify I'm interested in the case where the numpy array type is object not a float, double or int

     A Python list is an array of pointers to Python objects wrapping whatever actual values you've stored in it—plus some extra slack to allow it to be expanded on the fly efficiently. Let's call that slack 20%, just for the sake of easy computation. For example, an list of 10000 32-bit integers takes up, say, 96000 bytes for the array, plus around 240000 bytes for the Python integer objects, plus a small overhead for the list itself, say 80 bytes again.

     A NumPy array is an array of whatever actual values you've stored in it. For example, an array of 10000 32-bit integers takes up 40000 bytes, plus a small overhead for the array itself, say 80 bytes. But when you're using dtype object, each "actual value" is just a pointer to a Python object, just as with a list.

     So, the only real difference here is the slack: The array is going to use 320080 bytes, while the list is going to use 336080 bytes. Not a huge difference, but it can matter.

     Also, does one become faster than the other in 2D vs ND or with the size along a given dimension.

     Yes, the nested list will increase faster… but not by a huge amount.

     A multidimensional array in numpy is stored as one giant array (in either C or Fortran striding order), so whether the shape is (10000,), (100, 100), or (10, 10, 10, 10), it's the same size. (The overhead may get a few bytes bigger to store more information about the striding, but if we're talking about, say, 256 bytes vs. 80 out of 320K, who cares?)

     A nested list, on the other hand, has more lists, with slack and overhead at every level. For example, a list of 10 lists of 10 lists of 10 lists of integers has 1+10+100+1000 arrays of 12 pointers, and 1+10+100+1000 list headers.

     So, the array is still using 320080 bytes, or maybe 320256, but the list is using 435536.

     If you want to know more about how list is implemented… well, that depends on the implementation you're using. But in CPython, the C API pretty much guarantees that it's going to be storing a contiguous array of PyObject *, and the fact that appending is amortized constant time pretty much requires that it leave slack that grows proportionately. And you can see in the headers and the source that this is exactly what it does. (Also, keep in mind that the specific sizes you get from that source will generally depend on the platform you compile it on. Most importantly, because there are pointers all over the place, 64-bit platforms tend to have somewhere between 50-100% more overhead per object for most objects than 32-bit platforms.)

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     2/5

   • What are the list of Android specific exceptions?

     Top Answer

     Answered Oct 09, 2015 · 11 votes

     http://developer.android.com/reference/java/lang/Exception.html I think here you can find it, "Known Indirect Subclasses", totally 224 exceptions. Only choose the one started by "Android", here are about 72 exceptions, these should be the list

     android.content.ActivityNotFoundExceptionandroid.util.AndroidRuntimeExceptionandroid.accounts.AuthenticatorExceptionandroid.os.BadParcelableExceptionandroid.util.Base64DataExceptionandroid.hardware.camera2.CameraAccessExceptionandroid.database.CursorIndexOutOfBoundsExceptionandroid.os.DeadObjectExceptionandroid.media.DeniedByServerExceptionandroid.support.v4.app.Fragment.InstantiationExceptionandroid.opengl.GLExceptionandroid.view.InflateExceptionandroid.content.IntentFilter.MalformedMimeTypeExceptionandroid.content.IntentSender.SendIntentExceptionandroid.view.KeyCharacterMap.UnavailableExceptionandroid.security.keystore.KeyExpiredExceptionandroid.security.keystore.KeyNotYetValidExceptionandroid.security.keystore.KeyPermanentlyInvalidatedExceptionandroid.util.MalformedJsonExceptionandroid.media.MediaCodec.CodecExceptionandroid.media.MediaCodec.CryptoExceptionandroid.media.MediaDrm.MediaDrmStateExceptionandroid.media.MediaDrmResetExceptionandroid.accounts.NetworkErrorExceptionandroid.os.NetworkOnMainThreadExceptionandroid.util.NoSuchPropertyExceptionandroid.media.NotProvisionedExceptionandroid.support.v4.os.OperationCanceledExceptionandroid.content.pm.PackageManager.NameNotFoundExceptionandroid.os.ParcelFileDescriptor.FileDescriptorDetachedExceptionandroid.os.ParcelFormatExceptionandroid.net.ParseExceptionandroid.app.PendingIntent.CanceledExceptionandroid.support.v8.renderscript.RSDriverExceptionandroid.support.v8.renderscript.RSIllegalArgumentExceptionandroid.support.v8.renderscript.RSInvalidStateExceptionandroid.support.v8.renderscript.RSRuntimeExceptionandroid.content.ReceiverCallNotAllowedExceptionandroid.os.RemoteExceptionandroid.widget.RemoteViews.ActionExceptionandroid.media.ResourceBusyExceptionandroid.content.res.Resources.NotFoundExceptionandroid.database.SQLExceptionandroid.database.sqlite.SQLiteAbortExceptionandroid.database.sqlite.SQLiteAccessPermExceptionandroid.database.sqlite.SQLiteBindOrColumnIndexOutOfRangeExceptionandroid.database.sqlite.SQLiteBlobTooBigExceptionandroid.database.sqlite.SQLiteCantOpenDatabaseExceptionandroid.database.sqlite.SQLiteConstraintExceptionandroid.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabaseCorruptExceptionandroid.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabaseLockedExceptionandroid.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatatypeMismatchExceptionandroid.database.sqlite.SQLiteDiskIOExceptionandroid.database.sqlite.SQLiteDoneExceptionandroid.database.sqlite.SQLiteExceptionandroid.database.sqlite.SQLiteFullExceptionandroid.database.sqlite.SQLiteMisuseExceptionandroid.database.sqlite.SQLiteOutOfMemoryExceptionandroid.database.sqlite.SQLiteReadOnlyDatabaseExceptionandroid.database.sqlite.SQLiteTableLockedExceptionandroid.provider.Settings.SettingNotFoundExceptionandroid.database.StaleDataExceptionandroid.view.Surface.OutOfResourcesExceptionandroid.view.SurfaceHolder.BadSurfaceTypeExceptionandroid.nfc.TagLostExceptionandroid.util.TimeFormatExceptionandroid.os.TransactionTooLargeExceptionandroid.media.UnsupportedSchemeExceptionandroid.security.keystore.UserNotAuthenticatedExceptionandroid.view.WindowManager.BadTokenExceptionandroid.view.WindowManager.LayoutParams#tokenandroid.view.WindowManager.InvalidDisplayException

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     3/5

   • What are the advantages/disadvantages of Generic List (Of Type) and Collections

     Top Answer

     Answered Jan 30, 2009 · 4 votes

     Strongly-typed collections, including lists, based on generics allow you to program without having to check the types of the objects that you retrieve form the list. It makes the code cleaner because you don't have to cast the object to use it and you don't have to worry about enumerators throwing casting exceptions due to the collection containing an object of the wrong type. Granted you can get a lot of this through unit testing as well, but using generics lets the compiler do the checking at compile time rather than you having to do the checking at runtime. This is much more efficient. You can still mess things up by casting things inappropriately to get around the compile-time errors, but then you get what you deserve if you do this without appropriate checks.

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     4/5

   • What are the list of all possible values for DVCLAL?

     Top Answer

     Answered Sep 10, 2013 · 5 votes

     There is no official documentation on this, so here is something from my notes of 15+ years ago:

     The DVCLAL is there to check which SKU of Delphi you are using and it varies per SKU.

     There are only checks for the Professional (RPR) and Client/Server (RCS) SKUs:

     procedure RCS;-procedure RPR;

     If they fail, they call this method:

     procedure ALV;begin raise Exception.CreateRes(@SNL);end;

     where

     resourcestring SNL = 'Application is not licensed to use this feature';

     Depending on the feature matrix and Delphi version, various components call RPR and RCS in their Create constructors to guarantee a minimum SKU.

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2. www.geeksforgeeks.org › introduction-to-computerIntroduction to Computer Graphics - GeeksforGeeks

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   2 days ago · Computer Graphics are defined as any sketch, a drawing, or a special network that pictorially represents some meaningful information. Computer Graphics is used where a set of images needs to be manipulated or the creation of an image in the form of pixels is drawn on the computer. Computer Graphics can be used in digital photography, film ...

3. catalog.purdue.edu › preview_entityDepartment of Computer Graphics Technology - Purdue ...

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   4 days ago · The five-year combined BS/MS Degree Program in Computer Graphics Technology enables outstanding students to complete the Bachelor of Science in a Computer Graphics Technology major and the Master of Science in Computer Graphics Technology in a total of five years, rather than six years or more (if pursued separately).

4. Videos

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     Introduction to Computer Graphics (Lecture 1): Introduction, applications of computer graphics

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     Overview of Computer Graphics Unit-1 One Shot Complete Revision

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5. bulletin.engineering.nyu.edu › preview_course_nopopCS-UY 4533 Interactive Computer Graphics - Modern Campus Catalog™

   bulletin.engineering.nyu.edu › preview_course_nopop

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   2 days ago · 3 Credits. An introduction to the field of computer graphics: displays, image formation, visual perception, images, transformations (viewing and projection), programmable pipelines (vertex and fragment programs), modeling (primitives, polygon meshes, smooth curves and surfaces), animation (keyframing, procedural), rendering and realism ...

6. catalog.cowley.edu › contentCGA2013 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER GRAPHICS COURSE PROCEDURE

   catalog.cowley.edu › content

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   1 day ago · Understand the difference between the graphics frame and the graphic. Understand the difference between the selection tool and the direct selection tool. Move a graphic within a graphics frame. Resize a graphic. Use the fitting commands. Wrap text around an imported Photoshop graphic saved with a named clipping path.

7. People also ask

   Who invented computer graphics?

   • The term ‘Computer Graphics’ was coined by Verne Hudson and William Fetter from Boeing who were pioneers in the field. Computer Graphics refers to several things: The manipulation and the representation of the image or the data in a graphical manner. Various technology is required for the creation and manipulation.

   Introduction to Computer Graphics - GeeksforGeeks

   www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-to-computer-graphics/

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   How to implement computer graphics?

   • There are several tools used for the implementation of Computer Graphics. The basic is the header file in Turbo-C, Unity for advanced and even OpenGL can be used for its Implementation. The term ‘Computer Graphics’ was coined by Verne Hudson and William Fetter from Boeing who were pioneers in the field.

   Introduction to Computer Graphics - GeeksforGeeks

   www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-to-computer-graphics/

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   What is computer graphics used for?

   • Computer Graphics can be used in digital photography, film, entertainment, electronic gadgets, and all other core technologies which are required. It is a vast subject and area in the field of computer science. Computer Graphics can be used in UI design, rendering, geometric objects, animation, and many more.

   Introduction to Computer Graphics - GeeksforGeeks

   www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-to-computer-graphics/

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   What is 3D computer graphics software?

   • (January 2018) 3D computer graphics software refers to programs used to create 3D computer-generated imagery . This table compares elements of notable software that is currently available, based on the raw software without the inclusion of additional plugins . 2020-02-? ? 2020-06-? There are many discontinued software applications. ?-?

   Comparison of 3D computer graphics software - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_3D_computer_graphics_software

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8. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Comparison_of_3D_computerComparison of 3D computer graphics software - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Comparison_of_3D_computer

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   2 days ago · 3D computer graphics software refers to programs used to create 3D computer-generated imagery . General information. Current software. This table compares elements of notable software that is currently available, based on the raw software without the inclusion of additional plugins . Inactive software.

9. catalog.rpi.edu › preview_course_nopopCSCI 4530 - Advanced Computer Graphics - Modern Campus Catalog™

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   3 days ago · CSCI 4530 - Advanced Computer Graphics. In this course we will survey classic papers and current research in computer graphics. Topics include: advanced ray tracing, global illumination, photon mapping, subsurface scattering, mesh generation and simplification, subdivision surfaces, volumetric modeling, procedural modeling and texturing ...

10. catalog.ucmerced.edu › preview_course_nopopCSE 170: Computer Graphics - Acalog ACMS™

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    5 days ago · CSE 170: Computer Graphics. Basic algorithms in computer graphics enabling students to understand and experience the process of implementing modern computer graphics applications. Topics covered: programmable shaders, rasterization, hidden surface removal, transformations, rendering pipeline, scene graphs, curves and surfaces, boundary ...