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What languages are spoken in the Iberian Peninsula?
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Languages of the Iberian Peninsula. There have been many languages spoken in the Iberian Peninsula . Historic languages. Pre-Roman languages of Iberia circa 300 BC. The following languages were spoken in the Iberian Peninsula before the Roman occupation and the spread of the Latin language .
May 16, 2023 · May 16, 2023. By Kristy Tolley. Home » Travel Destinations » Which languages are spoken on the Iberian Peninsula? Facebook Tweet Pin Email. Table of Contents. Languages of the Iberian Peninsula. Spanish: The Most Widely Spoken Language. Portuguese: The Second Official Language. Catalan: A Distinct Language of Catalonia.
Throughout history (and pre-history), many different languages have been spoken in the Iberian Peninsula, contributing to the formation and differentiation of the contemporaneous languages of Iberia; however, most of them have become extinct or fallen into disuse.
5 days ago · This article was most recently revised and updated by Lorraine Murray. Iberian Peninsula, peninsula in southwestern Europe, occupied by Spain and Portugal. Its name derives from its ancient inhabitants whom the Greeks called Iberians, probably for the Ebro (Iberus), the peninsula’s second longest river (after the Tagus).
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
The Iberian language, a non-Indo-European tongue, continued to be spoken into early Roman times. Along the east coast it was written in Iberian script, a system of 28 syllabic and alphabetic characters, some derived from Greek and Phoenician systems but most of unknown origin. Many inscriptions in the script survive.
- Geographic Distribution
- History
- Writing
- Phonology
- Morphology
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Iberian inscriptions are found along the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula, reaching up to the river Hérault in the south of France. Important written remains have been found in Ensérune, between Narbonne and Béziers in France, in an oppidum with mixed Iberian and Celtic elements. The southern limit would be Porcuna, in Jaén (Spain), whe...
The origin of the language is unknown. Although Iberian ceased to be written in the 1st century AD, it may have survived in some areas until the Visigothicperiod (ca. 500s to 700s), according to Menéndez Pidal. There are several theories about the geographical origin of Iberian. According to the Catalan theory, the Iberian language originated in no...
The oldest Iberian inscriptions date to the 6th century BC or maybe the 5th century BC and the latest ones date from the end of the 1st century BC or maybe the beginning of the 1st century AD. More than two thousand Iberian inscriptions are currently known. Most are short texts on ceramic with personal names, which are usually interpreted as owners...
Current extent of linguistic knowledge
Very little is known for certain about Iberian. The investigation of the language is past its initial phase of transcription and compiling of material, and is currently in the phase of identifying grammatical elements in the texts. The hypotheses currently proposed are unconfirmed, and are likely to remain so unless the discovery of a bilingualtext allows linguists to confirm their deductions.
Vowels
Iberian appears to have five vowels commonly transcribed as a e i o u. Some other languages on the peninsula such as Basque and modern Spanish also have such systems. Although five-vowel systems are extremely common all over the world, it has been suggested that this may point to a Sprachbundamongst the ancient languages of the Iberian peninsula. The unrounded vowels (in frequency order: a, i, e) appear more frequently than the rounded vowels (u, o). Although there are indications of a nasal...
Diphthongs
It seems that the second element of diphthongs was always a closed vowel, as in ai (śaitabi), ei (neitin), and au (lauŕ). Untermann observed that the diphthong uicould only be found in the first cluster.
There are a number of known affixes, especially applied to last names. For the Iberian language these seem to be postpositional, and apparently more agglutinative than fusional. The best-known are the following: 1. -ar: applied to proper names to mark possession. 2. -en: of a similar or identical use to -ar. 3. -ka: seems to indicate the person who...
Iberian and Basque
Whether Iberian and Basque are two languages of the same language family is still a much-debated question. Many experts on Iberian suspect that there is a relationship of some sort between Iberian and Aquitanian, a precursor of the Basque language. But there is not enough evidence to date to ascertain whether the two languages belong to the same language family or whether the relationship is due to linguistic borrowing. Lexical and onomastic coincidences could be due to borrowing, while the s...
General works
1. Anderson, James, M. (1988) Ancient Languages of the Hispanic Peninsula, University Press of America, New York, ISBN 0-8191-6732-0 2. Ballester, Xaverio (2005) Lengua ibérica: hacia un debate tipológico, Palaeohispanica 5, pp. 361–392. 3. Correa Rodríguez, José Antonio (1994) La lengua ibérica, Revista Española de Lingüística 24/2, pp. 263–287. 4. de Hoz Bravo, Javier 1. (1998) La epigrafía ibérica de los noventa, Revista de Estudios Ibéricos 3, pp. 127–151. 2. (2001) Hacia una tipología de...
Iberian writing
1. Correa Rodríguez, José Antonio (2004) Los semisilabarios ibéricos: algunas cuestiones, Estudios de lenguas y epigrafía Antiguas – ELEA 5, 75-98. 2. de Hoz Bravo, Javier 1. (1985–86) La escritura greco-ibérica, Veleia 2-3, pp. 285–298 2. (1989) El desarrollo de la escritura y las lenguas de la zona meridional, Tartessos: Arqueología protohistórica del bajo Guadalquivir, pp. 523–587. 1. Ferrer i Jané, Joan (2005) Novetats sobre el sistema dual de diferenciació gràfica de les oclusives sordes...
Lexicon, phonology and grammar
1. Ballester, Xaverio 1. (2001) Fono(tipo)logía de las (con)sonantes (celt)ibéricas, Religión, lengua y cultura prerromanas de Hispania, 287-303, Salamanca. 2. (2003) El acento en la reconstrucción lingüística: el caso ibérico, Palaeohispánica 3, pp. 43–57 1. Correa Rodríguez, José Antonio 1. (1994) La transcripción de las vibrantes en la escriptura paleohispanica, Archivo de Prehistoria Levantina 21, pp. 337–341. 2. (1999) Las nasales en ibérico, Pueblos, lenguas y escrituras en la Hispania...
La lengua y las escrituras ibéricas, a self-published book by Francisco Castillo Pina [2009, Valencia, ISBN 978-84-931683-4-6].Oct 5, 2015 · Languages of the Iberian Peninsula | The Oxford Handbook of the Literatures of the Roman Empire | Oxford Academic. Chapter. Languages of the Iberian Peninsula. Javier de Hoz Bravo. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199699445.013.39. Published: 09 October 2018. Split View. Annotate. Cite. Permissions. Share. Abstract.
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