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Set of conventions used to write Irish
- Irish orthography is the set of conventions used to write Irish. A spelling reform in the mid-20th century led to An Caighdeán Oifigiúil, the modern standard written form used by the Government of Ireland, which regulates both spelling and grammar.
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Irish orthography is the set of conventions used to write Irish. A spelling reform in the mid-20th century led to An Caighdeán Oifigiúil, the modern standard written form used by the Government of Ireland, which regulates both spelling and grammar.
Irish Orthography (Litriú na Gaeilge) The orthography of Irish is at first a bit confusing. In addition, the pronunciation and written Irish are not identical, especially the pronunciation varies from dialect to dialect. Although, the order in which letters appear is not random, but follows specific rules. One can just as well develop a ...
Irish (Standard Irish: Gaeilge), also known as Irish Gaelic or simply Gaelic (/ ˈ ɡ eɪ l ɪ k / GAY-lik), is a Goidelic language of the Insular Celtic branch of the Celtic language group, which is a part of the Indo-European language family.
- 1. The Representation of Consonants
- Caitr ́ıona bu ́ıdeach
- 2. The Surface Realization Of Palatalized Vs. Nonpalatalized Consonants
- 4. The Surface Realization of Lenited Consonants
- 5. The Representation of Vowels
Irish consonants occur in pairs of palatalized (slender) vs. nonpalatalized (broad). The only exception to this generalization is /h/, which has no palatalized counterpart. In the orthography, both palatalized and nonpalatalized consonants are represented via the consonant symbols shown below: iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii Bilabia...
/k∂t’r’i:n∂/ /bi:d’ax/ and o are diacritic and e are diacritic
Palatalized consonants are pronounced in the way one might expect, except that palatalized s is [∫] and palatalized bh/mh is /v’/. In general, palatalization is more audible before back vowels. Nonpalatalized consonants also display secondary features of articulation. Nonpalatalized labials are labialized before a front vowel. Nonpalatalized dental...
Though the list above gives the basic pronunciation of lenited consonants, there are a few curiosities worth noting. Before the liquids r and l, the lenited forms bh and mh are realized as the voiced bilabial fricative /β/. Similarly, before r and l, dh and gh are realized as a voiced palatal fricative (which can be characterized impressionisticall...
The vowel inventory contains five long vowels, the corresponding five short vowels, plus schwa (/∂/). There are also two diphtongs and a triphthong. In the orthography, vowel length is marked by the acute accent. The chart below gives a rough summary of how vowels other than /∂/ are represented: iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii c c Short c Fro...
Orthography. As with most medieval languages, the orthography of Old Irish is not fixed, so the following statements are to be taken as generalisations only. Individual manuscripts may vary greatly from these guidelines. The Old Irish alphabet consists of the following eighteen letters of the Latin alphabet:
- 6th century–10th century; evolved into Middle Irish by around the 10th century
Irish orthography has evolved over many centuries: since old Irish was first written down in the Latin alphabet circa the sixth century AD. Prior to that primitive Irish was written in Ogham. The origin of Gaelic Gael + Ic represents Scots-Gaelic as a derivative of Gaidheal from 1590-1600.
Valera approved of these recommendations and Wigger, Arndt, 1979: "Irish Dialect Phonology and passed them to Tomas Page of the Oireachtas Problems of Irish Orthography", Occasional Papers in Translation Staff and that they were ultimately Linguistics to and Language Learning, No. 6 Papers in Celtic form the basis of Official Standard Irish.
