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Irish orthography is the set of conventions used to write Irish. A spelling reform in the mid-20th century led to An Caighdeán Oifigiúil, the modern standard written form used by the Government of Ireland, which regulates both spelling and grammar.
As the number of hereditary poets and scribes dwindled under British rule in the early 19th century, Irish became a mostly spoken tongue with little written literature appearing in the language until the Gaelic Revival of the late 19th century.
Irish (Standard Irish: Gaeilge), also known as Irish Gaelic or simply Gaelic (/ ˈ ɡ eɪ l ɪ k / GAY-lik), is a Goidelic language of the Insular Celtic branch of the Celtic language group, which is a part of the Indo-European language family.
Old English ( Englisċ, pronounced [ˈeŋɡliʃ] ), or Anglo-Saxon, [1] was the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages. It developed from the languages brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the mid-5th century, and the first Old English literary ...
The orthography of Irish is at first a bit confusing. In addition, the pronunciation and written Irish are not identical, especially the pronunciation varies from dialect to dialect. Although, the order in which letters appear is not random, but follows specific rules.
An English-Irish edition of 1814 by Thaddaeus Connellan was produced. During 1855 an English-Irish edition by Daniel Foley was printed. Edward O’ Reilly’s Irish-English 1864 edition was later revised by John O ‘ Donovan.
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Ancient Manuscripts. The earliest old Irish passages may be transcripts discovered in the Cambrai Homily. Extant manuscripts do not go back farther than the eight century.
