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Maria Theresa (05/13/1717, Hofburg Palace, Vienna, Wien, Austria - 11/29/1780, Hofburg Palace, Vienna, Wien, Austria) was Holy Roman Empress, Queen of Hungary, of Bohemia, of Dalmatia, of Croatia, of Slavonia, of Galicia, of Lodomeria, Archduchess of Austria, Margravine of Moravia, of Burgau, of Upper and Lower Lusatia, Grand Duchess of Tuscany ...
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Maria Theresa (Maria Theresia Walburga Amalia Christina; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was ruler of the Habsburg dominions from 1740 until her death in 1780, and the only woman to hold the position suo jure (in her own right).
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- Who Was Maria Theresa?
- Early Life
- Marriage and Children
- Succession and Resistance
- Reforming Domestic Policy
- Foreign Relations
- Late Reign and Death
In 1740, Maria Theresa succeeded the Habsburg throne. In resistance, Frederick II’s army invaded and claimed Silesia. The war ended in 1748, after which she reformed her government and military. In 1756 Frederick II waged the Seven Years' Waragainst her. In 1765 she appointed her son her co-regent. She died on November 29, 1780, in Vienna, Austria.
Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI and his wife, Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, welcomed their first daughter, Maria Theresa, into the world on May 13, 1717. She was born at the Hofburg Palace in Vienna, Austria. Maria Theresa’s father was the last remaining male heir to the Habsburg throne, so before she was born, fearing that he might ...
Charles VI had been encouraged by his trusted adviser, Prince Eugene of Savoy, to marry Maria Theresa off to a powerful prince. Instead, Charles VI allowed his daughter to marry for love. In 1736 Maria Theresa and her beloved Duke Francis Stephen of Lorraine, France, were wed. Since Lorraine could potentially be incorporated into the Habsburg Empir...
In October of 1740, Charles VI died. It was time for Maria Theresa, then 23 years old, to succeed to the Habsburg throne. Subjects of her crown lands — the Austrian duchies and Netherlands, and Bohemia and Hungary — were quick to accept Maria Theresa as their empress. But Maria Theresa immediately faced resistance to her succession from European po...
During the War of the Austrian Succession, Maria Theresa had never found an adequate general. She also to struggled to find capable men to align themselves with the Habsburg Empire, with the exception of a few administrators she had managed to appoint. Once the war had ended, Maria Theresa set about further reforming the Habsburg government, with S...
The increased revenue and cost savings of Maria Theresa and Haugwitz’s domestic reforms further served to strengthen the Habsburg Empire’s army. Although it was peacetime, Maria Theresa saw the need to prepare for an impending second war with Fredrick II, as he sought to defend Prussia against Austria’s newly formed alliance with its former enemy, ...
In 1765 Maria Theresa’s husband, Francis Stephen, died. Upon his death, Maria Theresa appointed her eldest son, Joseph II, as emperor and co-regent. The two frequently clashed in their beliefs. After considering her own abdication and ultimately rejecting the idea, Maria Theresa allowed Joseph to take control of army reforms and join Wenzel Anton, ...
May 9, 2024 · Maria Theresa (born May 13, 1717, Vienna—died November 29, 1780, Vienna) was the archduchess of Austria and queen of Hungary and Bohemia (1740–80), wife and empress of the Holy Roman emperor Francis I (reigned 1745–65), and mother of the Holy Roman emperor Joseph II (reigned 1765–90).
- Robert Pick
Maria Theresa’s children. The fact that Maria Theresa gave birth to sixteen children is a well-known part of her life story. Of her eleven daughters and five sons ten survived into adulthood. Maria Theresa’s first child, a daughter named Maria Elisabeth (1737–1740), died while still a young child.
Emperor Franz Stephan I. of Lothringen founded the House of Habsburg-Lothringen by marrying Maria Theresa. He was economically very successful for Austria.
Genealogical Table. Monarchical rule was legitimized by descent. The classic form of representing these relationships is the genealogical table or family tree.
