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Jun 18, 2012 · There are three primary dialects of Irish: Munster, spoken in the southern part of the island (Counties Cork, Kerry, and Clare). Connacht, spoken in the western part of the island (primarily Counties Galway, Mayo, and Sligo). Ulster, spoken in the northern part of the island (Mostly in County Donegal, but also in parts of Monaghan, Cavan, Derry ...
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Irish orthography is the set of conventions used to write Irish. A spelling reform in the mid-20th century led to An Caighdeán Oifigiúil, the modern standard written form used by the Government of Ireland, which regulates both spelling and grammar. [1] The reform removed inter-dialectal silent letters, simplified some letter sequences, and ...
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May 28, 2013 · The chapters are divided into “The Historical Background to the Celtic Languages”; “The Goidelic Languages”; “Irish”; “The Brittonic Languages”; “Welsh”; “The Orthographies of the Celtic Languages”; “Lenition and Mutations: Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology”; and “Word Order in the Celtic Languages.”
- Names of The Language
- Relationship to Other Languages
- Dialects
- The Official Standard
- Decline and Revival
- Origin of Writing in Ireland
- The Ogham Alphabet
- Gaelic Script
- Modern Irish Alphabet
- Irish Pronunciation
Irish is known as Irish, Gaelic or Irish Gaelic in English. The official standard name in Irish is Gaeilge /ˈɡeːlʲɟə/. Before the 1948 spelling reform, this was spelled Gaedhilge. In Middle Irish the name was spelled Gaoidhealg, in Classical Irish it was Gaoidhealg [ˈɡeːʝəlˠɡ], and it was Goídelcin Old Irish. In Ulster and northern Connacht, Irish ...
Irish is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages, also known as Q-Celtic. It is closely related to Manx (Gaelg/Gailck) and Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig), the other Goidelic languages. There is some degree of mutual intelligibility between them, particular between the Scottish Gaelic of Islay and Argyll, Ulster Irish, and Manx. The grammar ...
There are three main dialects of Irish: Munster (An Mhumhain), Connacht (Connachta) and Ulster (Ulaidh). The Munster dialect is spoken mainly in Kerry (Ciarraí) and Muskerry (Múscraí) in the western part of County Cork (Contae Chorcaí). The Connacht dialect is spoken mainly in Connemara (Conamara), the Aran Islands (Oileáin Árann) and Tourmakeady (...
During the 1950s and 1960s a standardised form of Irish, known the An Caighdeán Oifigiúil(The Official Standard) was developed. It combines elements from the three major dialects and its pronunciation is based on the Connacht dialect. This is the form of the language taught in most schools.
Between the 17th and early 20th centuries, the Irish language was gradually replaced by English in most parts of Ireland. Famine and migration in the 19th and 20th centuries led to its further decline. However when the Republic of Ireland came into being in 1922, Irish was adopted as an official language, along with English, and the government and ...
Irish first began to appear in writing in Ogham inscriptions between the 4th and 6th centuries AD. When St Patrick introduced Christianity to Ireland in the 5th century, Irish writers began to write in Latin, and at the same time Irish literature written in the Latin alphabet began to appear. The Viking invasions of the 9th and 10th centuries led t...
The Ogham alphabet was used to write Archaic Irish, Old Welsh and Latin and Ogham inscriptions have been found in various parts of Ireland and the British Isles. More information about Ogham
The Gaelic Script originated in medieval manuscripts as a variant of the Latin alphabet. It was used for printing Irish until quite recently and is still used on road signs and public notices throughout Ireland. More information about the Gaelic Script
Today Irish is usually written with a version of the Latin alphabet similar to the one used for Scottish Gaelic, though a spelling reform in 1957 eliminated some of the silent letters which are still used in Scottish Gaelic. Hear the Irish alphabet: The letters j (jé), k (ká), q (cú), v (vé), w (wae), x (ex), y (yé) and z (zae) do not occur in nati...
Notes
1. Consonants are broad when preceded and/or followed by a, o or u, and slender when preceded and/or followed by e or i. 2. Lenition (séimhiú) is a change in soundthat occurs to the beginning of words caused by a preceding word,such as a preposition. Lenition is indicated by adding an h afterthe initial consonant. For example, the Irish for shoe isbróg, [brok] but my shoe is mo bhróg[mɔ vrok]. 3. Eclipsis (urú) happens after certain words, suchas i, which means "in". Eclipsis in indicated bya...
The orthographic depth continuum has been widely referenced, often without definition, but when its basis is specified, it is usually in terms of spelling consistency, as in the following definition from Frost, Katz and Bentin (1987:244): “In a shallow orthography… the phonemes of a spoken word are represented by the graphemes in a direct ...
Valera approved of these recommendations and Wigger, Arndt, 1979: "Irish Dialect Phonology and passed them to Tomas Page of the Oireachtas Problems of Irish Orthography", Occasional Papers in Translation Staff and that they were ultimately Linguistics to and Language Learning, No. 6 Papers in Celtic form the basis of Official Standard Irish.
On the island, the language has three major dialects: Connacht, Munster and Ulster Irish. All three have distinctions in their speech and orthography. There is also An Caighdeán Oifigiúil, a standardised written form devised by a parliamentary commission in the 1950s.
