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View PDF. Fourth Cambridge Conference on Language Endangerment, 4 July 2014 Orthography development for language maintenance and revitalization Breton orthographies: An increasingly awkward fit Steve Hewitt, s.hewitt@unesco.org; stevehewitt49@gmail.com Breton has a venerable, if increasingly skewed orthographical tradition, so there can be no ...
- Steve Hewitt
Aug 30, 2017 · 6 Writing for Speaking: The Nǀuu Orthography 7 Reflections on the Kala Biŋatuwã, a Three-Year-Old Alphabet from Papua New Guinea 8 When Letters Represent More Than Sounds: Ideology versus Practicality in the Development of a Standard Orthography for Ch’orti’ Mayan
- Steve Hewitt
- 2017
"Breton has a venerable, if increasingly skewed orthographical tradition, so there can be no question of developing a Breton orthography from scratch. Early Modern Breton begins in 1659, when Maunoir introduced the iconic <c’h> against French <ch> and systematically indicated initial consonant mutations.
- Corpus
- Intrinsic Evaluation
- Comparative Evaluation
We used a number of corpora of Breton to evaluate our systems. For unannotated corpora, we used: 1. Wikipedia: A dump of the Breton Wikipedia,Footnote 18covering texts in the encyclopaedic domain. This was the largest corpus in the set, numbering around 7.5M tokens. 2. OfisPublik: These were texts collected by Ofis Publik ar Brezhonegin the course ...
Intrinsic evaluation explores the distribution of string-analysis pairs. We use simple counting of analyses-per-string as a metric, estimating naïve coverage (Sect. 6.2.1) and ambiguity for our model (Sect. 6.2.3). We perform error classification for two types of failures: failure to produce an analysis (Sect. 6.2.2), and production of erroneous an...
In order to get an idea of how well the system functions compared to systems based on machine learning, we compare the performance to several widely known and used trainable systems: HunPos (Halàcsy et al. 2007) (trigram HMM-based part-of-speech tagger); MarMot (Mueller et al. 2013) (CRF-based part-of-speech tagger); Morfette (Chrupała et al. 2008)...
- Francis M. Tyers, Francis M. Tyers, Nick Howell
- 2021
Breton novelists Mich Beyer and Yann-Fulup Dupuy, with translator Hervé Latimier, 2008. Breton literature may refer to literature in the Breton language (Brezhoneg) or the broader literary tradition of Brittany in the three other main languages of the area, namely, Latin, Gallo and French – all of which have had strong mutual linguistic and cultural influences.
The chronological development of the Breton orthographical debates during the twentieth century is charted along with an attempt to discern the ideological, political and personal motivations which lay behind those debates.
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What is Breton literature?
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Why do orthographies use alphabets and syllabaries?
What are the elements of orthography?
The writing systems on which orthographies are based can be divided into a number of types, depending on what type of unit each symbol serves to represent. The principal types are logographic (with symbols representing words or morphemes), syllabic (with symbols representing syllables), and alphabetic (with symbols roughly representing phonemes ...
