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- Prologue: The Fall of Jerusalem
- Louis Ix, King of France
- Al-Salih, Sultan of Egypt
- Damietta
- Mansourah & Defeat
- Louis Stays on
- Aftermath
The Sixth Crusade (1228-1229 CE) had been led by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II (r. 1220-1250 CE) who managed to avoid any actual fighting and negotiate control of Jerusalem from the Sultan of Egypt and Syria, al-Kamil (r. 1218-1238 CE). 15 years later, though, trouble was brewing again as al-Kamil's successors fought to maintain the Ayyubid Empir...
Just why, in December 1244 CE, Louis 'took up the cross' and decided to leave his kingdom for the Levant is not clear. According to legend, the king was seriously ill and the decision to embark on a crusade miraculously and instantly restored him to health. Modern historians look for less supernatural motivations such as the desire to be seen as Eu...
The Ayyubid dynasty was at this time led by al-Salih Ayyub (r. 1240 & 1245-9 CE), the second son of al-Kamil, his predecessor as Sultan of Egypt. Like his father, al-Salih struggled to keep control of his territories due to rivalries between Muslim leaders and even Ayyubid princes. In addition, the Mongol Empire was expanding ever-westwards and see...
Louis' Crusader army landed in Egypt in June 1249 CE but met their first of many problems. The heavy and deep-bottomed sailing ships of the westerners meant that the army could not easily disembark to the sandy beaches of Egypt, and so knights were forced to wade through the shallows. Meanwhile, al-Kamil had been busy and reinforced the fortificati...
The Crusaders made painfully slow progress along the Nile, most of the troops marching along the banks and those ships which could, carrying a huge quantity of supplies and equipment, followed alongside fighting against a contrary wind. At this point, the end of November 1249 CE, al-Salih died, succumbing to his illness. The officers of the Bahris,...
Once free from his Muslim captors, Louis, to his credit, did not flee home in disgrace but remained in the Middle East for four more years. During that time, he oversaw the refortification of his base at Acre, as well as the strongholds of Sidon, Jaffe, and Caesarea. Louis also created an innovative new force of 100 knights and a complement of cros...
It has been conservatively estimated that the Seventh Crusade cost Louis IX a massive 1.5 millionlivres tournoi, about six times his annual income as King of France. Despite the material costs and physical dangers, Louis IX would be back in Crusader action at the other end of his long reign, when he led the Eighth Crusade of 1270 CE. It also attack...
- Mark Cartwright
Welcome to Jerusalem Today! Join us on a captivating journey through the vibrant and dynamic city of Jerusalem. Immerse yourself in the sights, sounds, and s...
Persian Period (539-322 BCE) 539 BCE - Persian Ruler Cyrus the Great Conquers Babylonian Empire, Including Jerusalem. 516 BCE - Cyrus Permits Jews in Babylonian Exile to Return to Jerusalem; Second Temple Built. 445-425 BCE - Nehemiah the Prophet Rebuilds the Walls of Jerusalem; City Confined to Eastern Hill.
Israel portal. v. t. e. During its long history, Jerusalem has been attacked 52 times, captured and recaptured 44 times, besieged 23 times, and destroyed twice. [1] The oldest part of the city was settled in the 4th millennium BCE, making Jerusalem one of the oldest cities in the world. [2]
